牧草根土复合体锯切力学模型和试验研究

通过分析切根刀工作时的受力状况,建立根土复合体锯切力学模型。在万能试验机上,用自制的锯式切根刀对白羊草构成的根土复合体进行锯切力学性能试验。分析结果表明:经回归拟合获得单位刀宽工作阻力的响应面数学模型,并与锯切力学模型进行比较,得到一常数,使得工作阻力可通过力学模型乘以该常数来计算;贯入深度与贯入阻力之间呈正比关系;切根刀在往复运动情况下,切根作业时上行和下行工作阻力存在差别,下行时的工作阻力大于上行工作阻力。     

土壤-植物根系复合体本构关系的理论研究

为研究土壤-根系复合体强度问题,运用土壤力学理论和复合材料力学方法分析了土壤-根系复合体的力学特性和力学模型;在弹性、横观各向同性条件下,计算得出了表征土壤-根系复合体应力-应变关系的本构方程。研究结果表明:土壤-根系复合体的强度,不仅与土壤和根系的材料特性、形态结构、含水率以及根系含量有关,而且与土粒和土粒之间、土粒和根系之间的黏聚力、内摩擦力密切相关。     

土壤-根系复合体工程常数的理论研究

根据土壤的基本特性、土力学的基本理论和复合材料力学的基本方法,分析了土壤-根系复合体的力学特性.运用Whitney-Riley模型,推导出土壤-根系复合体根系生长方向的弹性模量EL、垂直于根系生长方向的弹性模量ET和根系生长平面的剪切模量GLT等工程常数的理论计算公式,为进一步研究土壤-根系复合体工程特性提供了一种方法,具有一定的参考价值.     

根－土界面区域磷酸盐的分布和移动: Ⅱ. 土壤水分含量和磷酸盐施用量的影响

The phosphate in the soil-root interface zone under various soil water contents and application rates of phosphate was still of depletion distribution which could be described by a power function in the form of C/Co= ax^b(C/Co is the relative content of fertilized phosphate in a distance from the root surface x, a and b are the regression constants). The depletion rate of phosphate in soil near the root surface was higher and the depletion range was narrower under lower soil moisture. On the contrary, at higher soil water content the depletion range was wider, generally. The application rate of phosphate led to the greater depletion intensity of phosphorus was higher in the heavier texture soils. In general, the depletion intensity in the soils, which decreased with increasing clay content or increasing buffering power of soil, decreased in the order as loessal soil and black lou soil > lou soil > yellow cinnamon soil when 50 or 100 mg of phosphorus were applied in the form of KH₂PO₄. This result indicated that the phosphate distribution and its movement in the soil-root interface zone closely related with the buffering capacity of soil.     

退化草地复合体力学特性与影响因素研究

为采用机械手段有效打破高坚实度退化草地板结性土层形成的土壤-根系复合体结构,对退化草地形成的复合体结构基本力学特性进行了研究。通过测定退化草地复合体的紧实程度、容重、含水率、孔隙度和含根量分布,对退化草地形成的复合体的物理性状进行了分析;通过对复合体原状试样进行剪切、无侧限压缩和回弹模量试验,对复合体的抗剪、无侧限抗压和回弹等基本力学特性进行了研究,并在此基础上通过正交试验探讨了容重、含水率和含根量对上述力学特性的影响。研究发现,退化草地形成的复合体具有加剧土壤紧实程度、聚集根系向浅层分布等特征;复合体的抗剪强度、无侧限抗压强度和回弹模量因根系的存在与无根系分布的土层相比有很大变化;复合体容重、含水率和含根量均对其力学特性产生了影响,且各因素的影响存在交互作用,根系的存在可增强复合体结构的抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度,但对于回弹模量的影响却表现出一定的差异性。     

根土复合体的抗剪特性研究

为了研究根系对土体的加固效应,模拟矿区排土场边坡恢复植被油松样地的含水率与土壤密度,以根径和埋根方式为控制因素,制备根土复合体,利用全自动三轴仪,进行了固结不排水(CU)剪切试验。结果表明,与素土相比,根系能够提高土体的极限主应力差,增强土体抵抗破坏的能力。根土复合体是一种特殊的弹塑型材料,其主应力差与轴向应变曲线呈光滑非线性特征,随着围压的增大,表现出由应变硬化型向应变软化型转型的特征;围压对极限主应力差影响显著,埋根方式、根系直径对极限主应力差的影响不显著。随着根径的增加,不论是水平埋根还是垂直埋根,根土复合体的粘聚力均为增加的趋势;垂直埋根的根土复合体则随着根径的增加内摩擦角增大,而水平埋根的根土复合体的内摩擦角则有轻微的减小。根土复合体的Wu-Waldron根粘聚力模型修正系数K″范围为0.11~0.37。     

派酶-土壤-黑麦草根系复合体抗剪强度试验研究

摘要: 提出一种派酶-土壤-黑麦草根系复合体,即在含派酶土壤中加入黑麦草根系。探讨了不同含酶量及含根量下复合体的抗剪强度,并在具有不同含酶量的土壤中种植黑麦草种子。由试验结果可知：黑麦草种子可以在含派酶土壤中存活并生长;在考察范围内,复合体的抗剪强度随含酶量的增加而增大,φ值随含酶量的Jiao Xin增加先增大后减小。     

局部灌水条件下不同根区在作物吸水中的作用

采用分根装置,在均匀灌水、固定部分根区灌水和根系分区交替灌水3种方式下,分期测定玉米的耗水量、两个1/2根区及整个根区的土—根系统水分传导与土壤含水量,研究各个根区在作物水分吸收中的作用。结果表明,3种灌水方式下,玉米耗水量与全部根区和灌水区土-根系统水分传导间均存在密切的正相关关系。均匀灌水条件下,1/2根区水分传导约占全部根区水分传导的一半;固定灌水条件下,灌水区占全部根区水分传导的比例远大于非灌水区,与全部根区接近。交替灌水条件下,两个根区对全部根区水分传导的贡献呈交替变化,其非灌水区占全部根区水分传导的比例较之固定灌水明显增大。全部根区土-根系统水分传导与灌水区土壤含水量明显相关,灌水区土壤含水量决定了整株作物的水分吸收情况。交替灌水的非灌水区从土壤到根系仍有一定的水分传输作用,而固定灌水的非灌水区使全部根区的土—根系统水分传导降低。     

Modelling daily root interactions for water in a tropical shrub and grass alley cropping system

A two-dimensional physically-based model for the daily simulation of root competition for water in an alley cropping system associating Gliricidia sepium with Digitaria decumbens is developed. This paper deals with the impact of root distribution on soil water partitioning. By adapting existing principles of root water uptake modelling for pure crops, the model accounts simultaneously for the sink terms of each species in a defined soil domain. Soil-root water transport functions are solved at the level of discrete volumes of soil; each of them are characterized by the inherent soil physical properties, root length density, soil-root distances, and the calculated sink terms of each species. The above ground boundary conditions, such as transpiration and soil evaporation, were managed by simple equations found from the literature or provided by experimental measurements. Running the model with two contrasting observed root maps, an evaluation was carried out over a 10-day period following a rainfall event. With both root maps, the simulated soil water potential profiles at the row, at 0.75 m and 1.50 m from the row did not differ significantly, and were in good agreement with the measurements. However, although water was not limiting during this period, the simulated cumulative water absorption profiles of G. sepium and D. decumbens contrasted markedly, and matched their observed root distribution. This model, although still under further development, forms the basis for development of an above and below ground coupled model to simulate plant interactions for water in intercrops or agroforestry.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

华北土石山区白桦根系分布特征及力学性能研究

以华北土石山区常见乔木白桦根系为研究对象,采用全挖法,从根长、根径、土层深度等方面进行比较,利用Sketchup Pro 8软件建立根系的形态模型;并在实验室进行根系抗拉强度及根土复合体抗剪强度的试验。结果表明,白桦根系垂直分布范围集中在0～60 cm的土层中,对坡面浅层水土保持起着重要作用,用软件模拟出的根系形态较接近实际;根系抗拉力与直径成正比,抗拉强度随直径的增加而减小;白桦根系能明显增强土体的抗剪强度,且根系交叉方式不同,根土复合体的抗剪强度也不同。