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The establishment of predacious mites in commercial orchards may be accelerated by the transfer of pruned wood in winter and
summer from donor orchards to release orchards. Following winter pruning, 3-year-old and older wood is collected and transported
as soon as possible in bundles to a release orchard for distribution. If the release orchard is composed of dwarf trees, then
one or two bundles of 5 kg each are placed vertically at the base of the trunk of every tree in the block (0.5 to 1 ha); if
the trees are of standard size, then four or five bundles used. Following summer pruning, annual shoots and suckers are distributed
immediately in a release orchard composed of dwarf trees by placing 12–15 branches on the foliage of fruit-bearing branches;
if the release orchard is composed of standard trees, then 50 branches are used. The pruned wood should have 20–25 leaves
and not less than one predator per leaf. The release orchard should have a light infestation (two or three mites per leaf)
of pest tetranychids. These phytophagous mites would serve as food and help establish the predators. The release orchard grower
should develop a pest management program based on the same groups of pesticides used in the donor orchard.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 31, 2005. 相似文献
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采用盆栽和小区试验的方法,经3年试验发现,坡耕地土壤结皮对作物的出苗、生长、产量和生物量等均有不同程度的影响。小麦出苗率、苗高、最大苗高、产量和生物量分别降低了22.06%、4.60%、6.86%、1.16-9.84%和0.74-6.98%;结皮虽对玉米出苗影响不大,但延长了出苗期,使产量和生物量降低了5.66—9.17%和7.17—11.25%,而且随结皮厚度、强度和地表坡度的增加,其影响更为明显。因此,通过增加地面覆盖和雨后人工耕锄以消除结皮,增加产量和保持水土。 相似文献
4.
1999- 2 0 0 1年进行了草生栽培对园温湿度和果实品质影响的试验。结果表明 :草生栽培可以有效地改善果园生态环境 ,降低久旱暴雨后的裂果率 ,有利于提高果的商品质量和经济效益。 相似文献
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P deficiency is a major obstacle for crop production in subtropical red soils in South China, and the hydrolysis of organic P (Po) is of great significance in these soils due to the immobilization of P by Fe and Al. Cover cropping in orchards and symbiotic microbial inoculation are considered to improve soil quality, including P status, however, their effects on the hydrolysis of Po is little known. In this study, five soil managements were established in a guava orchard in South China for two and a half years, including clean culture (CC), cover cropping with Paspalum natatu (PN), PN with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation (PNA), cover cropping with Stylosanthes guianensis (SG), SG with rhizobial inoculation (SGR). Soil chemical, biochemical and microbial properties were analyzed. Results indicate that soil pH and SOM content tended to increase following cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation. Po content was significantly elevated in PNA. Po fractionation revealed that cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation significantly affected the contents of moderately labile Po (MLPo) and moderately resistant Po (FAPo). Enzyme assay indicated that cover cropping with microbial inoculation increased the activities of acidic phosphomonoesterase (ACP), neutral phosphomonoesterase (NP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), with ALP the most sensitive, although ACP activity dominated in red soils. Correlation analysis suggested a significantly positive relationship between ALP activity and MLPo or FAPo. PCR-DGGE profile of the alp-harboring bacterial community showed that cover cropping with S. guianensis and mycorrhizal inoculation to P. natatu promoted the bacterial diversity and/or species richness. For almost all the measured parameters, PN and SG were comparable, however, PNA was superior to SGR, indicating the stronger additive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus than that of rhizobia. Cat-PCA indicated that MLPo was the most influential factor on phosphomonoesterase. In general, this study suggests that, in subtropical orchards with red soil, cover cropping with microbial inoculation can improve the Po hydrolysis via the promoted alp-harboring bacterial community and then ALP activity. Our results also suggest that the combination of P. natatu and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is better than S. guianensis and rhizobia, which possesses practical significance for sustainable production in these orchards. 相似文献
6.
以杧果品种‘汤米·阿京斯’的叶片和果肉为材料,通过固相微萃取结合气相色谱/质谱法,分析和鉴定挥发性物质的组成。分别检测出叶片和果肉中挥发性物质64和51种。果肉中的主要挥发性成分为萜烯类化合物和苯甲醛;果肉中所特有的且含量较高的香料物质为3-蒈烯和苯甲醛,二者含量占56.68%。对果肉中挥发性物质的香味进行分析,结果发现其包含14种香型,其中果香、松香和木香是最主要的香韵类型,对松香味有贡献的化合物包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、月桂烯和α-水芹烯,其中3-蒈烯贡献最大。 相似文献
7.
目的:以芒果、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、低聚果糖为主要原料,研发一款品质优良且具有预防龋齿,促进消化吸收,提高免疫力等功能的芒果无糖软糖。方法:以感官评价为指标,通过单因素试验研究木糖醇、山梨糖醇、低聚果糖的添加比例、复合凝结剂添加量以及柠檬酸添加量等对芒果软糖感官品质的影响,通过正交试验,模糊数学法优化芒果软糖配方。结果:芒果软糖的最佳配方为芒果汁添加量50%,柠檬酸添加量0.2%,复合凝结剂添加量10%,木糖醇、山梨糖醇、低聚果糖的添加比例2:3:1(添加量为35%);二十二碳六烯酸添加量1%,维生素C添加量0.5%。结论:此配方下的芒果软糖不仅色泽均匀、弹性适中,而且形态饱满,酸甜可口,具有一定的保健功效。 相似文献
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