Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public shelters in Serbia

Data on endoparasitic infections in dogs from dog shelters in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public dog shelters in the Republic of Serbia. In 2017 and 2018, individual and pooled fecal samples, were collected from 1267 dogs from six shelters. All samples were qualitatively examined for parasites using flotation tests. Seven taxa of intestinal parasites were identified: Cystoisospora spp., ascarids: Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, hookworms, Trichuris vulpis, taeniids and Dipylidium caninum. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 58. 3 % (78. 1 % in young dogs and 53.1 % in adult dogs). The parasites detected in both young (<1 year old) and adult dogs (>1 year old) were Cystoisospora spp. (20 % and 4.9 %), T. canis (33.5 % and 14.7 %), T. leonina (7.7 % and 2.3 %), and hookworms (16.9 % and 15 %), respectively. However, T. vulpis (9.6 %), taeniids (1.3 %), and D. caninum (5.4 %) were detected only in adult dogs. In the Belgrade shelter, young dogs had a higher prevalence of endoparasitic infections (18.9 %, 49/260) than adult dogs (14.8 %, 149/1007). In the Subotica, Jagodina and Niš shelters, young dogs had significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) prevalence of endoparasitic infections (10 %, 12.3 % and 14.6 %) than adult dogs (5.3 %, 8 % and 7.2 %). These results will be useful for establishing health care programs in dog shelters and implementing effective strategies for the control of intestinal parasites.     

一种适合稻区紫云英生产实际的紫云英加工调制方式

将紫云英鲜草分离为草汁、细渣、纤维状渣；以粉状能量精料为载体吸收汁液；3种制品都以晾晒的方式进行干燥。晾晒时，3种制品综合占场面积较原草减少近90％；3种制品均可在一个晴日内风干，比原草干燥速度提高一倍余；细渣品质与国标一级苜蓿草粉相当；“二次拌汁料”、“三次拌汁料”之粗蛋白、粗纤维含量符合生长肥育猪饲养标准；加工方式切合稻区紫云英生产实际及产区综合条件，有推广价值，且易推广。     

塔里木沙漠公路沿线机械防沙体系效益评价及防沙带合理宽度的初步探讨

本文通过对塔里木沙漠公路肖塘段（起始段）至塔中段的风沙危害和现有防沙体系进行评价，指出了目前公路沿线防沙体系存在的问题，并给出了沿线防护体系的合理宽度模型及模拟计算结果。     

Improved milk production through PG–PL system by provision of in‐house shelter management in lactating Murrah buffaloes during winter season

Comprehensive information on the role of β‐casein and plasminogen–plasmin (PG–PL) system in milk secretion of Murrah buffaloes during winter season is lacking, although effects of cold stress can be ameliorated to an extent by altering microclimate at farm level. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the changes in productivity along with PG–PL system of milk, plasma hormones and metabolites of buffaloes during winter (December–January) season under two different management systems. Average minimum temperature and wind chill index during this season were 7.02 and 12.74 °C respectively. Buffaloes were divided in two groups of six animals each: control and treatment, where treatment group animals were placed in‐house with floor bedding of paddy straw and the control group animals in loose housing system without straw bedding. Physiological responses were recorded, and milk and blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for six‐week experimental period. Under in‐house management system, buffaloes experienced better comfort by alleviating environmental stress as their physiological responses such as respiration rate and pulse rate were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as compared to the control, which subsequently resulted higher milk yield by 9.92% (p < 0.05). Analysis of milk samples revealed higher concentration of plasminogen (10.6 vs. 8.05 μg/ml; p < 0.01) and β‐casein (p < 0.05), and lower plasmin level (0.299 vs. 0.321 μg/ml; p < 0.05) in buffaloes under treatment group. It was also found that plasma cortisol, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.01) in control group as compared to the treatment animals by 13.6%, 8.14% and 12.6% respectively. However, milk composition, growth hormone, epinephrine and norepinephrine level in plasma were similar in both the groups. Hence, it may be concluded that provision of in‐house shelter management with floor bedding of paddy straw during winter was effective to minimize environmental stress and improved milk production through manipulation of PG–PL system in buffaloes.     

自动板栗脱壳机的设计

针对目前板栗脱壳过程中主要依靠手工剥壳,手指极易被板栗刺壳上坚硬的刺刺伤,以及劳动强度大、生产效率低的问题,设计了一种新型的自动板栗脱壳机。该机采用胶皮与螺纹钢揉挤的方式将板栗刺与板栗米分开,同时采用鼓风机搭配输送带的方式进行分离。实际测试结果表明,该机采用的脱壳方式和分离方式新颖,能最大限度地将板栗米与板栗刺剥离,且能实现两者的自动分离,对于减轻栗农劳动强度,缩短栗子从采摘到上市的时间发挥了极大作用,值得进一步推广普及。     

三江平原蒙古栎次生林效应带生态功能模拟

以三江平原试验区为背景,采用植物生态场技术开展次生林效应带生态功能模拟,研究结果表明:蒙古栎林6m效应带产生斑块效应,8m效应带出现边缘效应;4m,6m和8m带的光能利用与风流动模式与效应带的分布方位关系密切,根据光能利用效率总结出蒙古栎林效应带依照8 m带→6m带→4m带逐步演化。     

和田河流域绿洲荒漠过渡带土地荒漠化过程研究

和田河流域绿洲荒漠过渡带属于典型的生态脆弱带,风动力是该区土地荒漠化的主要动力因素,植被是该区土地荒漠化的重要决定因子。本文根据风洞试验的结果,探讨了和田河流域绿洲荒漠过渡带土地荒漠化的正过程。指出该区的土地荒漠化是在南疆气候变异以及人类活动等原因造成的干旱地区土地退化的大环境下发生的;同时,该地区的土地荒漠化又有特定的内涵:以天然绿洲的土地退化为本质;人类活动加速了这一过程。该区域土地荒漠化的发生和发展与其物理学驱动机制有着良好的对应关系。根据土地荒漠化发展的不同阶段,可以将其划分为荒漠河岸林衰退期、灌丛沙堆稳定发展期、灌丛沙堆活化-荒漠化发展期。     

长江经济带农业碳补偿修正测算及分析

为研究农业技术水平和自然禀赋对农业碳排放和碳汇的影响,通过修正后的农业碳补偿测算方法,计算得到2007—2016年长江经济带各省（市）的农业碳补偿额并进行对比分析。结果表明：江西和湖南的农业碳排放冗余量均为零值,农业技术水平较高,浙江和云南的农业碳排放冗余量较高,均值分别达到237.18万t和175.13万t,农业技术水平落后;浙江、江西、四川和云南的年均调整系数小于1,农业自然资源禀赋高于长江经济带的整体水平;修正后浙江和云南的碳补偿额由正数变为负数,表明这两个省从碳受偿地区变为碳支付地区,上海、江苏、安徽、湖北、湖南、重庆、贵州农业碳补偿额比修正前有所增加,江西和四川农业碳补偿额则比修正前减少。长江经济带各省域应加强农业自然禀赋的建设,提高生态背景值,增强其农业生态系统的碳汇功能,加快实现长江经济带生态补偿公平价值,并提升生态资源利用的地区公平性。     

长江经济带产业—碳排放—土地协同发展研究

[目的] 研究长江经济带产业发展、土地利用及碳排放指数间的内在响应关系及作用机理,为区域协同发展提供思路。[方法] 基于GM (1,1)预测模型对产业发展、土地利用及碳排放指数进行灰色预测后进行耦合协调度分析,并运用PVAR模型探讨三者间的响应关系。[结果] ①区域各要素间的耦合度高于协调度,耦合协调状态呈增长趋势,而区域内部则呈现自下游至上游的降低趋势。②土地利用强度对于产业发展于前两期呈正向冲击,产业发展对碳排放为滞后2期内的先负而后转正冲击的倒V型波动趋势,土地利用对碳排放呈现明显的正相关脉冲响应。③三要素主要依赖于自身的发展路径,但产业发展对碳排放强度的解释力高于土地利用强度对其的解释力,而随着期数的增加,二者对碳排放的影响趋势均呈现增长趋势。[结论] 经济发展过程中产业结构调整及土地利用的配置和保障不可或缺,而碳排放作为未来发展中的重要制约因素也不可忽视,探索三者间的响应关系,能够更好地为区域协调发展提供依据。