基于BP神经网络的润滑流量因子系数的预测

因现有润滑方程中的流量因子系数值有限，不能满足摩擦学研究的需要。本文利用BP神经网络，使用L—M规则，对润滑方程中流量因子系数进行了预测。训练时，以微凸体的纵横比v为输入样本,输出样本为压力流量因子的两个系数。结果表明：训练良好的BP网络输出数据与实测数据吻合较好，并具有收敛速度快等特点。     

华北平原地区农村生活污水产污特征研究

为了解华北平原地区农村生活污水产污特征,准确评价农村生活污染状况,本研究选取华北平原地区典型农村（保定市徐水县荆塘铺村）不同收入水平的15户典型农户,对其生活污水的产污情况进行12个月（2010年8月至2011年7月）的调查和监测,得到农户的生活污水人均日产生量、pH、COD、TAN、TN和TP的产污系数。农户生活污水人均日产生量为21.03L·d-1·人-1,pH值为6.14,COD、TAN、TN和TP的产污系数分别为7.87、0.581、1.31g·d-1·人-1和0.0662g·d-1·人-1。各项指标从高到低依次为中收入水平农户,高收入水平农户和低收入水平农户,且高中收入水平农户与低收入水平农户各项指标差异性较显著。以上结果表明华北平原地区农村生活污水人均日产生量和污染物产污系数与收入水平有关。     

油菜籽粒点面接触碰撞中恢复系数的测定及分析

为建立油菜籽粒与播种、收获等机具相关重要工作部件间发生碰撞时的碰撞模型,该文基于运动学方程构造了油菜籽粒恢复系数的测定装置,并针对油菜籽粒的弹性特性进行了试验测定和分析。针对华双4号油菜品种,采用L8(41×24)混合正交试验方案研究了碰撞材料、碰撞材料厚度、自由下落高度和含水率等因素对油菜籽粒恢复系数的影响,然后针对碰撞材料、下落高度和碰撞材料厚度等重要因素进行了单因素试验,并进一步获得下落高度和碰撞材料厚度2个因素对恢复系数的影响规律及回归方程。试验结果表明,影响油菜籽粒恢复系数的因素主次顺序为:碰撞材料、自由下落高度、碰撞材料厚度和含水率。油菜籽粒与Q235、铝合金、有机玻璃、橡胶等碰撞材料之间恢复系数依次减小,并且随着下落高度的增加而减小,随着碰撞材料厚度的增加而增大。在碰撞材料为厚1 mm的Q235和籽粒含水率8.06%条件下,恢复系数随下落高度变化的回归方程决定系数R2=0.9979;在碰撞材料为Q235、籽粒含水率8.06%和下落高度420 mm条件下,恢复系数随材料厚度变化的回归方程决定系数R2=0.9872。该文结果可为油菜精密播种及高性能收获机具中相关工作部件的设计提供依据。     

太阳能加热的地上式户用沼气生产系统热性能分析

为对太阳能加热的地上式户用沼气生产系统的推广应用和优化设计提供指导,试验研究了该型系统的热性能,对系统中真空管太阳能热水器日平均集热效率、沼气池散热量和热水-料液传热系数与相关因素的关系进行了分析。试验表明,当日平均环境温度在-2.1~-8.6℃变化时,沼气池内料液温度可维持在(27±2)℃的范围内。得到了太阳能热水器日平均集热效率、沼气池散热量和热水-料液传热系数的计算公式;研究发现沼气池内料液温度对热水-料液传热系数的影响很大,随着料液温度的提高,传热系数显著增加。     

Water use of spring wheat to raise water productivity

In semi-arid environments with a shortage of water resources and a risk of overexplotation of water supplies, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crop that can reduce water use and increase water productivity, because it takes advantage of spring rainfall and is harvested before the evaporative demands of summer. We carried out an experiment in 2003 at “Las Tiesas” farm, located between Barrax and Albacete (Central Spain), to improve accuracy in the estimation of wheat evapotranspiration (ETc) by using a weighing lysimeter. The measured seasonal ETc averages (5.63 mm day⁻¹) measured in the lysimeter was 417 mm compared to the calculated ETc values (5.31 mm day⁻¹) calculated with the standard FAO methodology of 393 mm. The evapotranspiration crop coefficient (Kc) derived from lysimetric measurements was Kc-mid: 1.20 and Kc-end: 0.15. The daily lysimeter Kc values were fit to the evolution linearly related to the green cover fraction (fc), which follows the crop development pattern. Seasonal soil evaporation was estimated as 135 mm and the basal crop coefficient approach was calculated in this study, Kcb which separates crop transpiration from soil evaporation (evaporation coefficient, Ke) was calculated and related to the green cover fraction (fc) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained by field radiometry in case of wheat. The results obtained by this research will permit the reduction of water use and improvement of water productivity for wheat, which is of vital importance in areas of limited water resources.     

射流自吸喷灌泵喷嘴系数的理论推导与试验

为了研究射流式自吸喷灌泵射流喷嘴的内特性,利用流体力学基本原理,对射流喷嘴阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论推导.设计了4种不同尺寸的射流喷嘴,对4种喷嘴的阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论计算,得到了不同出口直径下各系数的变化规律.对分别安装4种射流喷嘴的喷灌泵进行了自吸性能的试验.结合试验结果和各系数的变化规律,分析了射流喷嘴阻力系数和流量系数对射流式自吸喷灌泵自吸性能的影响.结果表明,随着喷嘴出口直径的增大,阻力系数减小,流量系数增大,自吸时间缩短,但达到一定程度后,卷吸作用减弱,自吸性能变差.     

Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.     

深水网箱沉子在纯流作用下的水动力特性

根据物模试验得到球形和柱形沉子的受力,计算并分析水阻力系数及其变化特性。试验结果表明:具有自由运动状态的球形沉子的水阻力系数比固定时球体的水阻力系数大;柱形沉子的水阻力系数与雷诺数及形状参数有关,且在同一雷诺数下,柱形沉子的水阻力系数显著大于球形沉子的水阻力系数。     

陕北黄土丘陵区窑洞侵蚀产沙分析

本文研究因在陕北黄土丘陵区建筑窑洞和塌窑而引发的土壤侵蚀问题,对窑洞的侵蚀产沙时间、空间进行分析,指出产沙主要来自建窑和塌窑时,产沙堆积空间主要位于窑洞院子前缘斜坡和坍塌窑洞的洞口坡地上;认为建窑和塌窑的土壤流失系数是不同的,并分别测算了各自的流失系数。     

血清酶活与猪肉品质关系的研究

通过１５头９０公斤体重ＳＤ—Ⅰ系猪的肉脂品质与血清中酶活的研究，表明磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）在猪肉品质中是一个很活跌的酶，它与瘦肉率、ｐＨ值存在着高阶偏相关关系，其四阶偏相关系数分别为０．６５，－０．５８，ＣＰＫ活性越高瘦肉率越高，ｐＨ值越低。它与肉质呈负相关趋势。可见，ＣＰＫ酶活超过一定限度，应激敏感性的猪存在的可能性越大，因而在瘦肉猪的选育工作中可将ＣＰＫ作为一项预测肉质优劣的选种指标。