TDZ和6-BA对芜菁离体再生过程中内源激素水平的不同影响(英文)

为研究外源TDZ和6-BA对芜菁离体再生过程中内源激素的影响来阐明TDZ在促进芜菁离体再生方面比6-BA更为有效的原因,采用不同浓度的TDZ和6-BA分别配合不同浓度NAA诱导芜菁带柄子叶离体再生.结果表明:适合芜菁带柄子叶离体再生的外源激素浓度组合分别是TDZ 4·0 mg·L-1+ NAA1·0 mg·L-1和6-BA5·0 mg·L-1+ NAA1·0 mg·L-1;在这2种组合诱导下的不定芽再生率分别是80·4 %和30·2 %.分别测定在这2种外源激素组合诱导下带柄子叶外植体内源生长素(IAA)、玉米素(Z)、赤霉素(GAs)和脱落酸( ABA)的绝对含量,并计算IAA/ABA和IAA/Z之间的相对含量.结果表明:TDZ 4·0 mg·L-1+ NAA1·0 mg·L-1的激素组合诱导带柄子叶外植体产生内源IAA和Z的水平峰值显著高于6-BA5·0 mg·L-1+ NAA1·0 mg·L-1的激素组合;而在2种外源激素组合诱导条件下,内源GAs和ABA的含量差异不显著;IAA的绝对含量左右了IAA/ABA和IAA/Z的变化趋势.综合内源激素的绝对含量和相对含量,TDZ比6-BA更好地诱导芜菁分化效果的关键因素是由于TDZ诱导外植体产生了更高水平的IAA含量和IAA/ABA比值.TDZ和6-BA诱导产生不同水平的内源Z和IAA/Z的作用还不明确.     

Boron nutrition and mobility,and its relation to the elemental composition of greenhouse grown root crops I. Rutabaga

Abstract

The nutrition and mobility of B, and its relation to the elemental composition of two cultivars of rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. rapifera cv. Laurentian and Wilhelmsberger) plants were investigated in greenhouse experiments. Laurentian exhibited a greater response than Wilhelmsberger to continuing B deficiency as indicated by the severity in the roots of brown heart, of external roughness and elongation and of the decrease in B concentration. Signs of B deficiency were not found when the B contents of the root and young leaves were 27 and 56 ug g‐1 DM respectively. Root B levels of 14 and 17–20 μg g^‐1 gave moderate and slight internal signs of brown discoloration. Foliar applications of B partially restored the B concentrations of the roots; however, the mechanism of movement was unclear. The Mg, Mn and Zn contents of roots were the only elements that consistently increased and accumulated under B deficiency. The relative element composition of the root compared to the mature leaves is consistent with the root being supplied predominantly with nutrients by the phloem. Nutrient retranslocation was assessed from the ratio of element concentration in the roots or young leaves to that in the mature leaves. Although Mg, Mn and B exhibited limited mobility under adequate B nutrition they were translocated from mature leaves to younger tissues under B starvation. It is concluded that Wilheimsberger is by virtue of its greater capacity for the retranslocation of B to roots, less sensitive to B deficiency and the brown heart disorder.     

Effect of turnip mosaic virus infection on the mineral composition of rutabaga

Abstract

The effect of Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) infection on the elemental composition of rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. rapifera (Metzg) Sinsk) at maturity was examined in the greenhouse. TuMV infection markedly reduced dry weight and dry matter percentage of leaves‐plus‐petioles but did not affect storage root development. Virus‐infected plants exhibited higher N, P, Mg and Zn, but lower K levels in leaf tissues. Nitrogen, Ca, Mg and Mn accumulated in storage root tissues as a result of TuMV infection.     

SSR作为锚定标记构建白菜×芜菁分子遗传图谱

为了将已有的大白菜分子遗传图谱和已发表的A基因组参考图谱对应起来,本研究利用国际上发表的大白菜和甘蓝型油菜A基因组特异SSR标记作为锚定标记,重新构建了白菜×芜菁分子遗传图谱。利用双亲和F1对326个SSR标记进行了筛选,共获得86个多态性分子标记。在此基础上整合了已有的400个标记,最终构建了一张由10个连锁群组成,包含了347个标记的分子连锁图谱,图谱总长度为1008.7cM,标记间的平均图距为2.91cM。此图谱上包含了已在A基因组参考图谱上定位的56个SSR标记,分布于10个连锁群上,从而将各个连锁群与参考图谱的连锁群对应起来。每个连锁群上的标记数在25～58个之间,连锁群长度在60.6～177.0cM范围内,平均图距在1.33～4.92cM之间。该图谱为白菜重要性状的遗传定位奠定了良好基础。     

利用SSR和InDel标记构建白菜×芜菁分子遗传图谱

以结球白菜BY和芜菁MM为亲本建立的小孢子培养DH系作为图谱构建群体,利用筛选获得的86对SSR引物和66对InDel引物进行分离分析,并整合已有的55个SSR标记,构建包含10个连锁群、175个标记位点的分子连锁图谱,图谱总长度902.9cM,标记间的平均图距为5.7cM,每个连锁群上的标记数为9～28个,平均图距为3.2～8.8cM,连锁群长度为66.0～113.3cM。     

基因芯片分析芜菁雌蕊退化突变体tpa及野生型开放花的转录组差异

 【目的】基于转录组水平分析芜菁雌蕊退化突变(turnip pistil aborted, tpa)发生的可能原因,为揭示芸薹属作物雌蕊发育的分子遗传调控机制提供研究依据。【方法】 利用tpa及其野生型植株的开放花制备的mRNA反转录成cDNA与拟南芥ATH1芯片进行杂交,筛选出在tpa及其野生型植株中表达有差异的基因,并利用RT-PCR技术对芯片筛选出的基因进行验证。【结果】获得了152个在野生型(W1)和完全退化株(M3)转录组中差异表达的基因,61个在W1和部分退化株(I2)转录组中差异表达的基因,以及24个在I2和M3转录组中差异表达的基因,上述差异基因分别属于细胞壁合成与调控、防卫与胁迫反应、转录调控、蛋白质代谢以及普通新陈代谢等9个不同的功能类别。通过对41个基因的RT-PCR验证,获得了At2g42840、At1g57750、At5g20630、At2g03090、At3g08030、At5g08000、At2g28790、At5g63310和At2g24270等9个在tpa及野生型植株中具显著不同的时空表达特性的基因。【结论】 拟南芥cDNA 芯片可用于分析tpa及其野生型基因的转录差异,筛选获得的9个显著差异基因不但在雌蕊发育等生殖发育过程起重要作用,还参与了植物营养生长的生理生化过程。     

芜菁NAC转录因子BcNAC2基因的分离及其表达

 根据拟南芥NAC2的全长序列设计引物,从芜菁中成功分离了NAC转录因子BcNAC2基因,该基因最大开放阅读框为1 683 bp,编码560个氨基酸,共包含6个外显子和5个内含子。将BcNAC2与其他30个NACs蛋白进行序列比对以及重构系统进化树分析发现,BcNAC2与十字花科的拟南芥的同源性最高,芜菁BcNAC2与拟南芥NAC2蛋白功能结构域内的特征序列有显著的差异。半定量RT-PCR的结果表明,BcNAC2呈部分组成型表达特征,在授粉8 d的嫩角果中表达丰度最高,而且组织原位杂交结果显示,BcNAC2在胚囊中有较高的表达,由此推测,BcNAC2与芜菁的种子或胚的发育相关。     

白菜和芜菁Ogura型雄性不育系与保持系的获得及其细胞学观察

 通过甘蓝型油菜Ogura细胞质雄性不育材料与白菜、芜菁的种问杂交和连续回交，获得了不育性稳定的白菜、芜菁Ogura细胞质雄性不育系‘新选Ogu284’、‘矮脚黄Ogu33．14’和‘耐病 “18_4’及其相应的保持系。细胞形态学研究表明：虽然这3个不育系核背景不同，但花药败育时朗基本相同．均具有单核败育型的特征；小孢子到单核期后不再向前继续发育，而是迅速退化以至解体，丁F花前彻底败育；不育系的花药在减数分裂早期绒毡层细胞中已出现液泡．有肥大趋势，而正常花药绒毡 的发育在减数分裂过程中达到高峰，四分体时出现退化迹象，开花前完全解体。不同的Ogura细胞质雄性 育系，虽然核背景不同，但花药败育的时期基本相同，说明Og．ra CMS胞质互作关系稳定，受核背景影响小