中国式综合辐照站(γ装置)规范化管理研究

本文对我国综合辐照站的规范化管理进行了探讨,分析了我国综合辐照站管理中存在的各种问题,提出了在人员管理、安全管理、质量管理、客户管理、仓储管理、进出货管理、生产管理和效益管理等方面的规范化举措。     

Radioprotective effects of an acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng on bone marrow cells

An acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng (APG), so called ginsan is known to have important immunomodulatory activities. It was recently reported that APG has radioprotective effects in mice but the detailed mechanism was not fully elucidated. This study examined the effects of APG on bone marrow cells (BMs). The phenotypical and functional changes in APG-treated BMs after gamma radiation were studied. The benefit of APG on BMs damaged by gamma radiation was determined by measuring the cell viability. Using 2 different assays, a pretreatment with APG significantly increased the viability of BMs against gamma radiation. APG-treated BMs had a significantly higher amount of IL-12, which is a major cytokine for immune responses, compared with the medium-treated BMs. The expression of MHC class II molecules of APG-treated BMs was also increased, and APG-treated BMs showed significantly higher levels of allogeneic CD4⁺ T lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, APG-treated mice had a larger number of BMs after gamma radiation than the control mice, and the BMs of APG-treated mice were successfully cultured into dendritic cells, which are the representative antigen-presenting cells. Overall, this study shows that APG alters the phenotype of BMs, increases the viability and alloreactivity of BMs after gamma radiation both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, APG may be a good candidate radioprotective agent for BMs.     

The radioprotective effects of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Callophyllis japonica in mice that undergo whole body irradiation

The radioprotective activity of extracts from the red seaweed Callophyllis (C.) japonica was investigated in mice that underwent whole-body exposure to gamma radiation. A methanol extract of C. japonica and its fractions [hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol and the remaining H₂O] were used. Each fraction (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 2 times into the BALB/c mice, once at 1 and once at 24 h before exposure to 9 Gray (Gy) of gamma radiation. Pre-irradiation administration of the hexane and EtOAc fractions saved the mice, with their survival rates being greater than 80% at 30 days post-irradiation; the mice that were pretreated with the other fractions showed survival rates lower than 20% over the same time period. To examine the effect of each C. japonica fraction on the survival of intestinal and bone marrow stem cells, the number of intestinal crypts and bone marrow cells in the gamma-irradiated mice were examined. Pre-treatment of mice (i.p., 100 mg/kg body weight at 1 and 24 h before irradiation) with the hexane or EtOAc fraction prior to 6-Gy irradiation significantly protected the number of jejunal crypts and bone marrow cells at 9 days after irradiation. These findings suggest that certain extracts from C. japonica, when they are administered prior to irradiation, play an important role in the survival of irradiated mice, and this is possibly due to the extracts protecting the hematopoietic cells and intestinal stem cells against gamma irradiation.     

Radioprotective effects of fucoidan on bone marrow cells: improvement of the cell survival and immunoreactivity

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide purified from brown algae including Fucus vesiculosus and has a variety of biological effects including mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Recently, we demonstrated that fucoidan stimulates the antigen-presenting functions of dendritic cells. In this study, we investigated the radioprotective effects of fucoidan on bone marrow cells (BMCs), which are the main cellular reservoir for the hematopoietic and immune system. To evaluate the effects of fucoidan, we assayed cell viability and immune responses. In a viability assay, fucoidan significantly increased the viability of BMCs. Based on the results of flow cytometric analysis, the increased viability of fucoidan-treated BMCs was attributed to the inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, fucoidan altered the production of immune-related cytokines from BMCs and increased the capability of BMCs to induce proliferation of allogeneic splenocytes. Taken together, our study demonstrated that fucoidan has radioprotective effects on BMCs with respect to cell viability and immunoreactivity. These results may provide valuable information, useful in the field of radiotherapy.     

山核桃外果皮提取液对小鼠的辐射防护作用

观察山核桃Carya cathayensis外果皮提取液对小鼠Mus musculus经γ射线辐照所致氧化损伤的防护作用。将小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、单纯辐射组和3种不同剂量提取液给药组。除阴性对照组外其余各组实验动物均用60Coγ射线全身照射,至照射后第5天,处死实验动物,分别测定体质量、血象、丙二醛(MDA)浓度和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。实验结果表明:单纯辐射组动物外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板的数量,血红蛋白以及红细胞压积与阴性对照组相比较显著降低(P<0.05),而不同剂量的提取液给药组相应指标均有不同程度的升高。单纯辐射组血清和肝组织MDA浓度较阴性对照组显著升高(P<0.05),各提取液给药组的血清和肝脏的MDA较单纯辐射组均有不同程度的降低,并随着提取液剂量的增加而降低显著(P<0.05)。单纯辐射组血清和肝脏SOD活性较阴性对照组显著降低(P<0.05),各提取液给药组血清和肝脏的SOD活性与单纯辐射组比较有不同程度的升高,并且存在着一定的剂量效应关系,提示提取液对于辐射引起的氧化损伤有较好的防护作用。表2参7     

银杏叶提取物的抗辐照作用

以银杏叶提取物饲喂果蝇 ,然后对未交尾的雄性果蝇进行辐照 ,研究其繁殖力的变化。结果表明 ,银杏叶提取物 (EGB)对果蝇的抗辐射作用是明显的 ,可缓解辐射引起的繁殖力下降 ,其受辐照后的繁殖力是对照的 1 46倍。对银杏叶提取物 (EGB)的抗辐射作用机理进行了初步讨论。