日本血吸虫体内5-HT的定量合成与降解

用反相离子对色谱和同位素示踪技术研究了日本血吸虫体内５－ＨＴ的定量、合成与降解。结果表明：日本血吸虫体内５－ＨＴ的含量为２．９２±０．２９μｇ／ｇ。雌、雄虫分别为２．５７±０．３５和３．３２±０．１９μｇ／ｇ。用３Ｈ－Ｔｒｙ培养虫体，由ＨＰＬＣ分离收集，经液闪测定，有３Ｈ－５－ＨＴＰ、３Ｈ－５－ＨＴ、３Ｈ－ＨＩＡＡ生成；分别用３Ｈ－５－ＨＴＰ和３Ｈ－５－ＨＴ培养虫体，则有３Ｈ－５－ＨＴ、３Ｈ－５－ＨＩＡＡ和３Ｈ－５－ＨＩＡＡ生成。异丙异烟肼能增加虫体内５－ＨＴ的含量和降低５－ＨＩＡＡ的水平，而对氯苯丙氨酸，反苯环丙胺，赛庚啶等对虫体５－ＨＴ含量均无影响。以上结果显示：日本血吸虫体内存在５－ＨＴ的内源性合成与降解途径，其过程相似于哺乳动物，但参与的酶却存在异同性     

P~(32)标记松毛虫赤眼蜂寄生苹果小卷叶蛾效果研究

经用P~(32)每毫升25量μci的剂量标记松毛虫赤眼蜂,室内测定P~(32)放射性强度:50头成蜂为466～642cpm,20粒柞蚕卵为109—117cpm。P~(32)标记对成蜂寿命、繁殖力、性比均无不良影响。苹果园P~(32)标记放蜂表明:苹果小卷叶蛾的卵块寄生率达96％,即粒寄生率93.09％。在寄生卵块中有73.91％的卵块测出P~(32),平均每块的放射性强度为14.34cpm,说明是人工释放的效果。有26.09％的寄生卵块未测出P~(32)或很弱,此为自然赤眼蜂所寄生。     

Improved cadmium sorption isotherms by the determination of initial contents using the radioisotope 109Cd

Cadmium (Cd) sorption isotherms were estimated by two different analytical approaches to assess the influence of initial Cd concentrations of soil matrix on the sorption of added Cd. For the laboratory experiments a heterogeneous set of samples was collected to include a wide range of different initial Cd concentrations. Comparison of both analytical methods (conventional analysis, radioanalysis) resulted in a strong conformity of Cd contents in solution at equilibrium. The calculated Cd concentrations in the soil solid phase differ according to the analytical approach for considering the initial contents. The determination of the initial contents by the proposed radioanalytical method with ¹⁰⁹Cd resulted in long linear Freundlich‐isotherms, even in the low concentration range. Thus, radioanalysis seems to be the most suitable method to recognise the initial contents of Cd in soil. EDTA extractable Cd represent the initial concentrations, which are averaged over solid and liquid phase. However, depending on the sorption characteristics of the soil these rates vary. In the investigated set of soil samples 52.3 to 99.3% of Cd must be added to the solid phase.     

Intraarticular injection of a Tin‐117 m radiosynoviorthesis agent in normal canine elbows causes no adverse effects

This longitudinal prospective exploratory study used serial measurements in five dogs to evaluate safety and retention of a tin‐117 m (^117mSn) colloid after intra‐articular injection in normal elbow joints. Each dog was deemed healthy based on physical examination, laboratory results, and radiographic evaluation of both elbows. While anesthetized, each received an MRI of both elbows, followed by fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans of both elbow joints and associated lymph nodes. Joint fluid (0.5‐1.0 mL) was withdrawn aseptically from the left elbow joint, followed by intra‐articular injection of ^117mSn colloid (92.5 MBq; 1‐1.5 ml). Post‐injection assessments included blood counts, serum chemistry panels, urinalyses, radiographs, joint fluid analyses, MRI/positron emission tomography scans, scintigraphy, and biodistribution scans. On day 45‐47, each dog was euthanized and a complete postmortem examination was performed. Tissue samples were submitted for histopathology and radioisotope retention studies. Left elbow joints were decalcified and sectioned for future autoradiography. Scintigraphy, 1 day after injection, indicated slight radioisotope escape from the joint to regional lymph nodes. Serial blood, urine, feces, and organ counts indicated >99.1% of the ^117mSn activity was retained in the joint for 45‐47 days. Radiation output levels were below patient release levels the day following injection. Maximum standard uptake value for the injected joint decreased. Joint fluid cytology was unchanged. No dog exhibited lameness during the study. Absence of joint damage and lack of systemic effects after injection of the ^117mSn colloid in normal canine elbow joints indicate that this agent may be safely used for radiosynoviorthesis in dogs with osteoarthritis.     

放射性同位素示踪试验需要注意的若干问题

本文对目前国内放射性同位素示踪试验过程中有关示踪剂选择、引入量估算、示踪剂引入方法、放射性样品预处理以及放射性测量方法(尤其是液体闪烁测量)中所存在的常见问题进行了简要剖析,以期对从事放射性同位素示踪研究的人员有所助益。     

GASTROINTESTINAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Nuclear medicine has achieved an important role in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) disease in humans. Esophageal and gastric motility problems, gastroesophageal reflux, abnormal gastric secretory function, GI bleeding, and inflammatory diseases of the GI tract can all be evaluated using nuclear scintigraphy. The use of these techniques in human medicine, their advantages and disadvantages relative to other available diagnostic tests, and their potential application to veterinary medicine are discussed. Examples of esophageal and gastric motility studies performed on normal and abnormal dogs are included.     

A panel model of isotope concentration-flow coupled field in groundwater systems

Several previous general lumped parameter model of radioisotope concentration field in groundwater systems, such as EM, PM and EPM model, are introduced, and the ambiguous physical meaning of response functions within these models are pointed out.And then, based on the radioactive decay principles and mass conservation principle, assuming that 1)the fluid system is in steady state, 2)infiltration rate is constant, and 3)the horizontal transport of water flow rate is constant, a general lumped parameter model of radioisotope concentration-fluid coupled field in groundwater systems is deduced under these conditions, that is, Panel model.Compared with the above mentioned models, this new model is built on a clear physical basis with a definite physical meaning of each parameter, so that it could make accurate interpretations on radioisotope data of the relevant water flow system, and provide more precise mathematical foundation on quantitative analysis and simulation of radioisotope concentration.     

农田使用粉煤灰的放射性安全性评价

对浙江、山东、安徽三省部分大型热电厂粉煤灰的采样分析表明粉煤灰中主要放射性成分为238U、232Th和40K,比活度范围分别为75～284Bq/kg、96～164Bq/kq和120～382Bq/kq。粉煤灰农田施用模拟试验表明当施甩量达525t/hm2时,土壤中天然放射性校素238U、232Th和226Ra的比活度分别是对照的2．44倍、1．39倍和1,88倍;生产的稻谷和玉米籽中三种核素的比活度与对照无明显差异,对作物的食用安全性影响不明显。粉煤灰使用地采样分析结果表明;农田施用硅肥不会造成生产的稻谷和玉米籽中的天然放射性桉素的比活度超过国家标准;而在纯粉煤灰上种植生产的作物果实中234U、232Th、226Ra的比活度超标     

平贝母体细胞胚胎发生早期核酸和蛋白质合成动态的研究

在长期平贝母(Frifiiavia ussuviensis Maxim)组织培养中,建立比较稳定的体细胞胚胎发生体系,应用放射性同位素~3H 的液体闪烁技术测得,体细胞胚 RNA、蛋白质和 DNA 合成分别在诱导培养第5,7,8b 达到高峰。组织细胞学观察表明,体细胞胚胎发生早期的核酸与蛋白质合成的变化与愈伤组织中细胞的胚性化和胚性细胞的增殖相关。     

利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治苹果小卷叶蛾的研究

1984—1988年在果园开展了利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治苹果小巷叶蛾的试验示范,放蜂面积7万余亩,卵块和卵粒寄生率分别达92.41和87.29％,虫果率仅2—3％,效果好于化学防治。果园放蜂以每亩设8—12个点,放蜂4次,总蜂最12万头,效果较好。P~(32)标记证明,赤眼蜂的扩散距高,在6小时内有61.96％的蜂分布在5米范围内,而24小时后则比较均匀地分布到30米的范围。