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1.
Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis 下载免费PDF全文
Possibilities to improve maize harvest index and nutrient utilization efficiency by application of plant growth regulators were investigated. In container experiments, the effects of different growth regulators on the development of the maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas were tested. Paclobutrazol (PAC) and chlorocholine chloride (CCC), two inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA3) were applied at growth stage V5. Three weeks after application of PAC, shoot growth of both maize cultivars was strongly affected with a significant decrease in plant height in the PAC treatment by 44% and 36% for Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas, respectively. The growth‐retarded plants had higher leaf areas and reduced transpiration rates. The higher shoot growth after GA3 application was accompanied by a reduction in leaf area and an increase in transpiration rate during 1 week before anthesis. CCC treatment showed no significant effects on plant height, leaf area and transpiration rate. The PAC‐treated cultivar Pioneer 3906 produced several cobs per plant, which were mainly barren at maturity. However, PAC application to Fabregas resulted in just one cob per plant with good kernel development and a grain yield, which was not significantly reduced in comparison with the control. With this similar grain yield in combination with a straw yield decrease of 32%, the harvest index was significantly improved by 12%. In addition, with PAC‐treated Fabregas plants, a 19% increased water use efficiency of the grain (WUEgrain) during the critical period of kernel setting was achieved. In this maize cultivar, CCC application also improved harvest index by 5%, but no effect on WUEgrain occurred. GA3 treatment decreased harvest index of both maize cultivars, and it either reduced WUEgrain (Pioneer 3906) or showed no effect (Fabregas). Utilization efficiencies of N, P and K were not increased with growth regulator application, even in the PAC‐treated Fabregas plants with a significantly improved allocation of assimilates to the grain, mirrored by the higher harvest index. The results indicate that fertilizer applications must be adjusted to the reduced demand of growth‐retarded plants, most likely leading to higher nutrient utilization efficiencies. 相似文献
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Detection of seven phytohormones in peanut tissues by ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
Development of highly sensitive and reliable method for detection of phytohormones is of great significance to study plant hormones and agricultural production.In this study,an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method was established for separation and quantification of trans-zeatin,trans-zeatin riboside,gibberellin A_3,indol-3-acetic acid,salicylic acid,abscisic acid,and jasmonic acid(JA) without any label.The sepa ration was performed on an Agilent Explus Plus C18 column by using methanol and water as mobile phases with gradient elution.The target compounds were confirmed and quantified by mass spectrum via positive electrospray ionization for trans-zeatin,transzeatin riboside,indole-3-acetic acid,and via negative electrospray ionization for gibberellin3,salicylic acid,abscisic acid,and JA.The limits of detection ranged from 0.0127 ng L~(-1) for gibberellin A_3(GA_3) to 33.26 ng L~(-1) for JA and were lower than the currently reported values in literature.The proposed method was applied for qualitative and quantitative analyses of phytohormones in peanut gynophores and pods.The recoveries of the spiked phytohormones ranged from 80.20 to102.56%.The contents of seven endogenous hormones varied specifically in different development stages of peanuts.This study provides a highly sensitive and selective detection method for hormones and elucidates the growth and development of the gynophore and peanut fruit,which are controlled by seven endogenous hormones. 相似文献
4.
对低温贮藏5 d的低温糖化不敏感品种‘华薯三号’和敏感品种‘中薯五号’马铃薯块茎进行转录组测序,通过对差异表达基因的生物信息学分析,获得与植物激素相关的差异表达基因,其中6个与植物激素合成或信号转导有关的差异表达基因与糖分解代谢密切相关。结果表明:KOox2和GA3ox1是马铃薯块茎中赤霉素合成的关键酶基因,赤霉素可刺激淀粉酶和转化酶活性,加剧块茎还原糖的积累,是马铃薯低温糖化的正调控因子;ANT和AIL6属于参与乙烯响应的AP2转录因子家族;BRI1和BKI1是油菜素内酯信号通路中的转录因子,两者互作共同拮抗14–3–3蛋白质活性;ANT、AIL6、BRI1和BKI1这4个转录因子通过负调控转化酶基因的表达而影响还原糖的产生,是马铃薯低温糖化的负调控因子。 相似文献
5.
荔枝体细胞胚胎发生早期的3种内源激素含量变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了荔枝下番枝品种体细胞胚胎发生早期的内源激素含量的变化.结果表明:内源生长素IAA含量先降低,达到一个最低值,此时是荔枝体胚发生早期原胚Ⅰ阶段,随后就会逐渐上升,直到球形胚阶段时,达到一个最高值;从胚性愈伤组织到胚性愈伤组织II阶段,其内源脱落酸(ABA)含量总的变化趋势先升高,紧接着下降到一个低谷,此时是紧密结构阶段,随后在发育到球形胚阶段的过程中又逐渐升高;内源细胞分裂素(CTK)含量变化趋势呈“M”形.ABA与IAA和ABA与CTK的质量比增大,将有利于荔枝体细胞球形胚的形成. 相似文献
6.
植物生长调节剂对树莓组培苗增殖生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以丰满红树莓组培苗为材料,研究了细胞分裂素、BA与生长素配比及赤霉素对树莓组培苗增殖生长的影响.结果表明,BA浓度为1.0 mg/L时,树莓的增殖效果显著好于KT(P<0.05);BA与IBA配合使用时效果更加明显,在BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L处理中,组培苗生长健壮且数量较多,增殖效果最佳;GA3浓度为4.0 mg/L时,组培苗鲜重和干重(156.4和34.1 mg)显著优于其它处理. 相似文献
7.
本文分析和比较了油松、白皮松、华山松和樟子松各种针叶束内源激素与单宁含量的变化。结果表明,ABA与单宁含量在树种间、树龄间和针叶束叶龄间均存在明显差异,针叶束经低温砂藏处理,其内源激素与单宁水平呈规律性变化,在处理前期,和树种针叶束的LAA、GAs、Z和ZR水平明显提高,然后随砂藏时间的延长而趋于降低;而ABA与单宁水平则呈相反的变化,在砂藏过程中内源激素与单宁的变化规律与前期实验中经砂藏处理的离体针叶束不定根的诱导率紧密相关。结果表明,低温砂藏处理在一定时期可以促使松树针叶束内源激素与单宁水平的协调性变化,这种变化对离体针叶束不定根的诱导具有明显的促进作用 相似文献
8.
钾对水稻籽粒发育中激素变化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在水稻籽粒成熟过程中,CTK、IAA、GA和ABA依次出现。其中,CTK的升降与初生胚和胚乳形成的时间基本吻合,ABA的高峰期与籽粒进入腊熟期的时间完全一致,说明籽粒的发育与成熟受内源激素的调节。钾显著降低了空壳率,可能是提高了CTK的含量,使受精卵的退化率降低;推迟了ABA出现的高峰期,使灌浆期延长,转移到籽粒中的碳水化合物增多,因而粒重加大。 相似文献
9.
ABA对杂交稻幼苗抗冷性机理的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
杂交水稻幼苗3℃胁迫36h后,超氧物歧化酶活性和ATP含量明显下降,膜脂过氧化作用加强,膜透性增大,当用10^5mol/LABA预处理幼苗后,SOD活性和ATP含量下降受到抑制,膜脂过氧化作用减弱,膜透性降低,同位素示踪表明,ABA使幼苗SOD活性增强的原因是促进了SOD的再合成,而不是激活其活性,同时证明,膜脂过氧化与SOD活性的变化有着密切联系。 相似文献
10.
激素和多胺对苦瓜性别分化的影响 总被引:29,自引:2,他引:27
研究了GA3(赤霉素)和CCC(矮壮素)处理下株洲长白苦瓜植株,从苗龄8~70天茎尖内源激素的变化。结果表明,第一雌花形成与茎尖内源GA3含量增高有关。开花盛期,茎尖内源IAA含量下降越小,ZT含量下降越大,植株的雌花数和♀/♂越大。分析表明,雌、雄花中内源多胺(cad)含量都明显高于无性组织,可能与性别分化有关,内源亚精胺(spd)含量变化可能与雌花的发生和发育有关,内源腐胺(put)含量的上升可能与雄花的分化有关 相似文献