光照和褪黑激素对内蒙古绒山羊氮分配的影响

从氮分配的角度研究了光照和褪黑激素对内蒙古白绒山羊营养分配的影响。结果表明:光照时间和埋植褪黑激素显著影响绒山羊体内氮物质分配,短光照或埋植褪黑激素显著提高绒山羊血液中的褪黑激素水平,并使其他相关激素如催乳素(PRL)、胰岛素(INS)、类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)、瘦素(LEP)的含量发生显著变化,结果使毛绒氮的沉积增加,体氮的沉积减少。短光照条件下毛绒氮和体氮的沉积分别为33.7%±0.64%和66.3%±0.64%;而长光照条件下则减少毛绒氮的分配量,增加体氮分配量,毛绒氮和体氮的沉积分别为23.6%±0.46%和76.4%±0.46%。短光照和褪黑激素之间有强烈的互作效应,短光照埋植褪黑激素组毛绒氮和体氮的分配比例分别为36.1%±0.79%和63.9%±0.79%。试验期绒山羊的产绒量平均增加(338.83±72)g,比普通绒山羊提高73.86%,新生羊绒的品质符合纺织工业标准的要求。     

The effect of photoperiod and melatonin on plasma prolactin concentrations in female guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in captivity

The present study examined the effects of different photoperiods and melatonin treatment on plasma prolactin concentrations in guanacos, a South American camelid, in captivity. Fourteen adult female guanacos, not gestating or lactating and isolated from males, were studied. The control group was exposed to natural daylight, during short days (N = 7, 10L:14D) and long days (N = 7, 16L:8D). The treatment group (N = 7, 10L:14D) received melatonin implants every 23 days for 6 weeks during long days. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 1 week for 3 weeks, starting the third week of treatment. Prolactin concentrations were measured using competitive ELISA. Plasma concentrations of prolactin in non-lactating female guanacos have seasonal changes, with a higher concentration (p < .001) in short days (3.50 ± 2.24 ng/ml) than long days (1.10 ± 0.91 ng/ml). Melatonin treatment significantly decreases (p < .05) plasma concentrations of prolactin on the 21st day after the treatment. These findings are the first report of an endogenous circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin concentration and the action of melatonin treatment on prolactin secretion in this wild camelid.     

粳型光敏核不育系与常规粳稻杂交后代育性的遗传分析

在分析粳型光敏核不育系与粳稻品种杂交组合F_3及以后世代部分株系的育性和基因型的基础上,对分离世代各种主基因型的育性及频率分布进行了估计,验证了根据F_1、F_2和BF_1代作出的水稻光敏核不育性及其育性恢复的遗传涉及核内2对独立的主基因的遗传结论。由F_6以上高世代株系中测选出对农垦58s恢复效应有明显差异的两种纯合单显性可育株系,获得了存在两个不同恢复基因的遗传证据。     

早籼型水稻温敏核不育系M103S的选育与光温反应特性

以温敏核不育水稻安农S—1为母本，以常规高产早籼稻品系92153为父本进行杂交，通过低温选择和人工气候箱鉴定，育成了育性转换临界温度23—24℃的早籼型温敏核不育系M103S。光周期长于12．5h，日平均温度高于24℃，可以用于制种，日平均温度低于23℃，可以用于繁殖。光周期长于13．5h，日平均温度高于23℃，可以用于制种。自然条件下不育起点温度为日均温23—24℃，耐低温期为3—4d。敏感期为抽穗前的7—14d。播始历期为53—79d，主茎叶片数10．0—12．6片。从播种到始穗的活动积温和有效积温，分别为1493．8—1766．3℃和733．4—1058．3℃。不育期的株高63．6—77．5cm，平均72．0cm，单株有效穗6．4—12．0个，平均9．3个，穗长20．9—22．7cm，平均21．2cm，每穗颖花数112．1—137．3朵，平均122．3朵。可育期株高65．7cm，单株有效穗7．2个，穗长17．2cm，每穗总粒数114．1粒，结实率47．23％，千粒重31．34g。以M103S为母本，与100多个早籼品种进行测配，杂种表现生育期早、穗大、粒多、千粒重高。     

Effect of the dusk photoperiod change from light to dark on the incubation period of eggs of the spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner)

Spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner), eggs were incubated under different photoperiods to examine the effect of photoperiod on incubation. The eggs from two fish were incubated under five artificial photoperiods: constant dark (D), constant light (L) from 06:00 hours and 6, 10 and 14 h of light from 06:00 hours. The eggs from seven other fish were incubated under a natural photoperiod. Different spawning times (21:00 – 01:00 hours) and different photoperiods combined to give the start of the dusk photoperiod change after 11–23 h of incubation. Constant light or applying the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation appeared to extend the hatching period. The mean hatching period for groups of eggs incubated in darkness or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≤19 h of incubation (n=8 different groups) was 2 h 15±10 min, which was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean hatching period of 4 h±37 min for groups that did not receive the dusk photoperiod change or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation (n=9 groups). However, despite these differences, the majority of the eggs hatched during a 2–3 h period from 17 to 20 h of incubation, and a sigmoid regression (r²=0.9) explained the relationship between percentage hatch and hours of incubation for all photoperiod groups.     

不同光照周期下鲇幼鱼的日摄食节律

水温(23±1)℃,研究了鲇幼鱼自然光照、持续光照(自然光或日光灯作光源)和持续黑暗条件下的日摄食节律.试验结果表明,3种光照周期下,鲇幼鱼昼夜均有连续摄食特性,期间具有明显的摄食高峰(夜间)和低谷(白天),鲇幼鱼有明显的日摄食节律;持续黑暗与自然光照周期下的鲇幼鱼日摄食节律基本一致,持续光照与自然光照周期下的鲇幼鱼日摄食节律有所差异.研究证明,鲇幼鱼在3种光照周期下均属于典型的夜晚摄食类型;光照周期的改变对鲇幼鱼的日摄食率无显著影响(P>0.05).     

光周期对糜子生长发育及叶片内源激素的调控效应

[目的]明确光周期对糜子生理生态指标的影响,为糜子光周期遗传调控网络及相关基因定位奠定基础.[方法]通过盆栽试验设置4种光周期处理,选用光敏感性差异不同的3个品种(N1-光钝感-内糜1号,N2-光中间-内糜2号,N3-光敏感-宁糜14号),调查不同处理植株的物候期,测定不同处理抽穗期内源激素含量、成熟期株高、籽粒蛋白质...     

高等植物侧芽、侧枝的发生及调控

高等植物侧芽和侧枝的发育是受多种因素调节控制的.目前已经发现许多与侧生组织相关的基因,它们调控侧芽与侧枝的形成和发育,决定植株的形态结构;可长距离运输的信号物质在植物侧生组织的形成和发育、植物从营养生长到生殖生长的过渡中都发挥重要调控作用;植物激素参与了包括侧芽、侧枝的发育、植物的生长等多种生命过程的调节与控制;光周期经常和植物的基因型、植物激素等诸多种因子一起共同发挥作用,来调节植物侧生组织的形成和发育.调节植物的侧芽和侧枝发育的多种因素构成了一个网络系统,只有用综合研究的手段才可以知道网络系统中的各种因子之间的相互影响与相互作用.     

几个新育成粳型光温敏核不育系的配合力分析

用6个粳型光温敏核不育系(5个新育成和1个对照)和6个恢复系组成6×6不完全双列杂交,对11个主要农艺性状进行了配合力分析。结果表明,亲本的一般配合力效应在杂种F1的表现中比特殊配合力效应起着更重要的作用。各不育系单株产量的GCA效应与对照相比没有显著差异。Y27S、117S、118S的每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度属Ⅰ、Ⅱ类亲本,有效穗数、播始历期和全生育期属Ⅲ、Ⅳ类亲本,可用作选配早熟高产大穗型组合的亲本;B30S的有效穗数、结实率属Ⅰ类亲本,可用作选配多穗型组合的亲本。各性状的群体配合力方差组成中,单株产量的加性效应占57.72%,非加性效应占42.28%,相差不大,其余性状均以加性效应占主导地位。     

Effect of allele combinations at Ppd-1 loci on durum wheat grain filling at contrasting latitudes

Flowering time is the most critical developmental stage in wheat, as it determines environmental conditions during grain filling. Thirty-five spring durum genotypes carrying all known allele variants at Ppd-1 loci were evaluated in fully irrigated field experiments for three years at latitudes of 41°N (Spain), 27°N (northern Mexico) and 19°N (southern Mexico). Relationships between weight of central grains of main spikes (W) and thermal time from flowering to maturity were described by a logistic equation. Differences in flowering time between the allele combination causing the earliest (GS100/Ppd-B1a) and the latest (Ppd-A1b/Ppd-B1a) flowering were 7, 20 and 18 days in Spain, northern Mexico and southern Mexico, respectively. Flowering delay drastically reduced the mean grain filling rate (R) and W at all sites. At autumn-sowing sites, an increase of 1°C in mean temperature during the first half of the grain filling period decreased W by 5.2 mg per grain. At these sites, W was strongly dependent on R. At the spring-sowing site (southern Mexico), W depended on both R and grain filling duration. Our results suggest that incorporating the allele combinations GS100/Ppd-B1a and GS105/Ppd-B1a (alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity) in newly released varieties can reduce the negative effects of climate change on grain filling at the studied latitudes.