中日森林文化比较研究及启示

日本是一个森林大国，拥有着丰富的森林资源和森林文化，其教训和经验对中国乃至全世界的后工业化国家都有着很大的启发和借鉴意义。对日本的森林状况进行回顾和评价，从其森林思想中汲取精华，不断挖掘森林文化所蕴藏的丰富含义，恢复和弘扬森林文化，这对中国正在开展的生态文明建设以及解决环境问题都能提供思考和帮助。     

落桦混交林幼龄期Ⅰ级木分布规律研究

利用３６块落叶松一样树混交林标准地调查资料，研究其幼龄期林分Ⅰ级木单位面积株数与林分密度之间的关系，结果表明：Ⅰ级木的株数并非随密度的增加而直线递增，而是趋向“二阶常数”分布，且在同一年龄阶段，在较低的密度范围（２３２５～４８００株／ｈｍ２）或较高的密度范围（４８０１～６７５０株／ｈｍ２）．Ⅰ级木的株数变动幅度不太大。     

The re-emergence of indigenous forest in an urban environment, Christchurch, New Zealand

Christchurch, the second largest city in New Zealand is a planned city on a coastal plain on the east coast of the South Island. The birth of the city and the subsequent century of development was characterised by colonial values and tree and garden planting with familiar European species along with those from Australia, North America, and eventually all other continents. The image of an “English garden city” with classical parks of oaks and willow-lined rivers became the accepted norm and the way in which the city has been promoted to potential tourists. Gardening is one of the top two recreational activities and exotic species greatly outnumber native species in the flora and in gardens. This has had serious consequences for the highly fragmented and degraded indigenous vegetation and its co-adapted wildlife. A few hardy indigenous species continued to regenerate through this period, but since the 1970s, there has been a progressive change of attitude and interest in reclaiming the natural heritage of the city, manifest in widespread private and public planting of indigenous species and active habitat restoration. In this article we examine the indigenous and exotic shrub and tree components of the Christchurch flora as planted street trees, in domestic gardens, and in parks. We also present data on shrub and tree regeneration in parks and domestic gardens in the city. Indications are that the more sensitive, less intrusive management of urban environments, combined with the greater density of indigenous seed sources, has allowed regeneration of a wide range of indigenous species across a broad spectrum of habitats – from neglected gardens to pavement cracks to exotic plantations. This is despite the competition from the prodigious seed banks and density of exotic trees, shrubs, and ground covers and albeit minimal impacts of introduced browsing and seed eating mammals. If the present trends continue through appropriate management and facilitation, these tentative signs of native forest regeneration should eventually proliferate into a sustainable mixed origin urban forest that resurrects and preserves the natural character of the region.     

贵州茶树雪凝冻害发生情况与补救预防措施

分析了2008年贵州雪凝气候特点和茶树雪凝冻害受灾成因及受灾情况,针对不同类型的茶园和苗圃提出了相应的补救和预防措施。     

北美引进泡泡树的研究进展

泡泡树是一种原产于北美洲的乔木果树,其果实味美,营养丰富,富含多种矿质元素、维生素和氨基酸,具有较高的开发利用价值.目前,国内的一些科研单位已对泡泡树进行了引种栽培试验,并获得了成功.同时,对泡泡树的营养成分、繁殖技术、种植技术、遗传多样性等方面进行了研究,并取得一定进展.本文将对泡泡树研究现状进行整理,分析当前泡泡树...     

橡胶树炭疽病生防内生菌的分离鉴定及抑菌作用研究

目前化学农药的缺点日益突显,研发环保的生防菌剂是当前绿色安全的一种方法,筛选具有抑制橡胶树炭疽病的生防菌株,为研发新型生防菌剂储备资源。本文采用组织培养法分离纯化橡胶树内生菌,平板对峙筛选拮抗菌株;通过菌株培养特征、生理生化、根据16S rRNA和gyrA基因序列构建系统发育树确定其分类地位;采用平板对峙法研究内生菌株的抗菌持久性、稳定性、广谱性;采用牛津杯法研究拮抗内生菌对杀菌剂的敏感性。从橡胶树健康的根组织中分离得到4株对橡胶树炭疽病具有抑制作用的细菌（Bac RZS3D4-1、Bac RZS3D4-2、Bac RZS3D4-3、Bac RZS3D4-4）,系统发育树分析结果显示这4株细菌与解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）亲缘关系很近,且培养性状和生理生化特征也与解淀粉芽孢杆菌相似。这4株内生菌的抗菌持久性强,抗菌稳定性好;对尖孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum acutatum）DFMP1E和MLZZP3、小孢拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis microspora）MF375898均有较强的抑菌能力,对茄类镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）XJ160901的抑制作用较弱;对多菌灵、异菌脲、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑4种杀菌剂均不敏感,有望开发为生防菌剂。     

论橡胶树气刺微割技术发展策略

简要介绍了国内外橡胶树气刺微割技术的研究现状,重点阐述了气刺微割技术的发展策略,总结了气刺微割的高产性、高效性和安全性。     

防治牡丹根腐病的有效药剂筛选

采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了咪鲜胺、醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、百菌清、多菌灵、代森锰锌等6种杀菌剂对牡丹根腐病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,6种药剂对病菌菌丝生长的EC50大小顺序为：咪鲜胺<多菌灵<代森锰锌<苯醚甲环唑<百菌清<醚菌酯,其中以咪鲜胺对牡丹根腐病病菌的菌丝生长抑制作用最强, EC50为0.200 mg/L;多菌灵、代森锰锌、苯醚甲环唑、百菌清依次减弱,醚菌酯的抑制菌丝生长的作用最小,EC50为33.98 mg/L。6种药剂对病菌孢子萌发的EC50大小顺序为：百菌清<咪鲜胺<苯醚甲环唑<多菌灵<代森锰锌<醚菌酯;其中以百菌清对牡丹根腐病菌的孢子萌发抑制作用最强,EC50为0.343 mg/L;咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、代森锰锌依次减弱,醚菌酯抑制孢子萌发的作用最小,EC50为38.4 mg/L。     

中国果树类病毒的发生及其研究进展(英文)

概述了在中国发生且己鉴定明确的5种果树类病毒,即苹果绣果类病毒(Apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd)、梨泡状溃疡类病毒(Pear blister canker viroid,PBCVd)、葡萄黄斑类病毒-1(Grapevine yellow speckle viroid-1,GYSVd-1)、柑橘裂皮类病毒(Citrus exocortis viroid,CEVd)和桃潜隐花叶类病毒(Peachlatent mosaic viroid,PLMVd)的研究进展,包括病害的首次发现、症状特征、发病规律、检测方法与防治对策以及这些类病毒的生物学与分子生物学特性。     

改善树体结构对提高龙眼产量和品质的影响试验

通过培育不同树形,并对郁闭的龙眼果园进行疏枝、间伐试验。结果表明,建立高光效树体结构,减少郁闲果园株数,能有效改善果园通风透光条件、提高产量和果实品质;林华果场试验因疏枝改造后树高降低,冠径扩大,单株产量比对照增加121kg,果实品质显著提高;密龙果场试验园间伐后,虽然总产量略有降低,但是667m2产值比对照增加687．8元。通过调查不同果园的龙眼产量和树体结构,得到龙眼产量与树体结构相关性回归方程为Y=-60．98＋0．28X1＋3．90x2＋2．29X3。