水稻内稃扭曲突变体palea distortion 1(pd1)的鉴定与基因定位

在对籼稻缙恢10进行EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate)处理后的群体中,发现一个花器官突变体,主要表现为内稃扭曲并呈现外稃化特征,浆片数目增加且呈现稃状特征,雄蕊数目减少至1～4个,部分雄蕊的花丝呈现浆片化特征,暂将其命名为水稻颖壳扭曲突变体palea distortion 1(pd1)。遗传分析表明该突变性状受一个隐形单基因控制。利用群体分离分析法(bulked segregation analysis,BSA),将PD1基因定位在第2染色体的RM13693和RM13936之间,遗传距离分别为3.25cM和3.90cM。该研究结果为PD1基因的图位克隆奠定了基础。     

晚粳稻品种浙粳22内稃突变体基因的遗传分析和基因定位

晚粳稻品种浙粳22内稃突变体是60Co γ射线对浙粳22辐照后选到的内稃约有正常内稃一半大小的突变体。遗传分析表明,该突变性状由1对隐性基因控制。该内稃突变体与籼稻珍汕97杂交的F₂群体,采用SSR分子标记对突变性状基因进行初步遗传定位,把内稃突变基因定位在第9号染色体上,暂将该突变基因命名为hig1,位于RM6051和RM556之间,遗传距离为12.7cM。     

Behavior of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erwinia ananas</Emphasis> transformed with bioluminescence genes on rice plants

Erwinia ananas, the causal agent of bacterial palea browning of rice, was transformed with bioluminescence genes to clarify their behavior on rice plants. Transformant CTB009T2 was used to inoculate rice plants, and the subsequent bioluminescence of CTB009T2 was observed using a two-dimensional luminometer. Luminous spots frequently appeared on anthers after flowering and on dead tissues such as leaf tips, lower leaf sheaths, and leaf blades. In spikelets that developed the disease symptom on the palea, luminous spots appeared 48h after flowering on stigmas, basal parts of ovaries, and lodicules. These results indicate that postflowering anthers and dead tissues on rice plants are important sites for a rapid increase in the pathogen population, and that the multiplication of the pathogen on internal tissues of spikelets after flowering is associated with the appearance of browning.     

水稻长粒和短粒品种稃片的发育及细胞学差异

 以籼稻长粒品种明恢63和短粒品种川7为材料,利用石蜡制片技术研究了水稻稃片发育过程,并比较长粒和短粒品种稃片发育的细胞学差异。结果表明,小花原基时,稃片纵向各区段均匀分裂,随着发育的进行,稃片上部细胞最早停止分裂,基部细胞分裂结束最晚。至花粉母细胞末期,稃片细胞结束分裂。花粉母细胞减数分裂期,稃片细胞开始进入快速伸长生长阶段,至小孢子晚期稃片长度达到最大值,而且稃片的中、基部细胞对其长度的贡献大于上部细胞。长粒和短粒水稻稃片发育过程基本一致,但长粒和短粒水稻内稃薄壁细胞数目在稃片发育过程中,始终存在极显著差异,细胞长度在稃片长度定形时并没有明显区别。稃片达终长度时,长粒品种内稃薄壁细胞数目比短粒品种多60.98％,而中、基部细胞长度仅增加1.81％和8.05％。因此,细胞数目是导致水稻长粒和短粒品种稃片长度差异的主要因素。