龙须草复合种植技术对紫色土小生境的影响

紫色土的植被恢复是中国植被恢复难题之一.为了研究龙须草植被改善紫色土生境的效果,将引种龙须草后植物群落物种多样性与土壤环境因子的变化相结合,寻找最适宜紫色土地区生态恢复的龙须草植被恢复模式.设置3种龙须草植被恢复地模式（人工恢复地Ⅰ、Ⅱ和自然恢复地Ⅲ）,于2010年7月中旬在湖南松林村进行野外调查.通过群落分类双向指示种分析和群落排序冗余分析表明：1）土壤全氮量、土壤有机质质量分数、坡位和恢复模式是影响群落多样性的主要环境因子;2）3种植被恢复地模式中,人工恢复地Ⅱ的群落Gleason丰富度指数最大（坡上位2.171,坡下位5.863）,土壤全氮量和土壤有机质质量分数有明显提高.因此,利用龙须草进行植被恢复时应优先选取恢复效果最好的人工恢复地模式Ⅱ.     

丁香属植物过氧化物酶同工酶的初步研究

本文对丁香属国产的有代表性的10种和原产于欧洲的1种丁香,进行了过氧化物酶同工酶的研究,并对测定结果进行了二维排序,结果表明:(1)所测定的种类共有21条酶谱带;(2)酶谱距离的二维排序,基本支持A.Rehder 1945年对丁香属的系统分类观点;(3)酶谱可做为丁香属分种的依据之一,尤其对相近的疑难种类适用。     

云顶山自然保护区植物群落的分类与排序

采用TW INSPAN多元分析方法将云顶山自然保护区58个群落样方划分为:华北落叶松+白桦-金银忍冬-披针苔草群丛;白杄+华北落叶松-土庄绣线菊+金花忍冬-披针苔草+小红菊群丛;白桦-土庄绣线菊-紫苞鸢尾群丛;白桦-美蔷薇+金花忍冬-小红菊群丛;油松+辽东栎-金花忍冬+黄刺玫-披针苔草+小红菊群丛等13个群丛。应用DCA排序的结果表明:DCA第一轴从左到右坡向的变化趋势为阴坡→半阴坡→半阳坡→阳坡;DCA第二轴从上到下海拔有逐渐升高的趋势。68个优势种的DCA排序图所反映出的结果与样方排序图所反映的结果相一致。     

海南中部山区什运乡小斑块分布次生林的数量分类

应用DCA排序和TWINSPAN分类方法,将海南中部山区什运乡区域内分布的小斑块次生林划分为7个群落类型:毛叶青冈+香合欢+毛柿群系(Form.Cyclobalanopsis kerrii+Albiza odoratissima+Diospyros strigosa)、枫香+岭南山竹子+黄椿木姜群系(Form.Liquidambar formosana+Garcinia oblongifolia+Litsea variabilis)、黄牛木+九节+青梅群系(Form.Cratoxylumcochinchinense+Psychotria rubra+Vatica mangachapoi)、鸭脚木+木荷+短穗探柯群系(Form.Schefflera octophylla+Schimasaperba+Lithocarpus fenestratus)、长圆叶新木姜+南岛青冈群系(Form.Neolitsea oblongifolia+Cyclobalanopsis insularis)、黧蒴栲单优群系(Form.Castanopsis fissa)、黄叶树+皂帽花+美叶菜豆树群系(Form.Xanthophyllum hainanense+Dasymaschalontrichophorum+Radermachera frondosa)。DCA排序第1轴反映了群系自南向北的空间分布情况和温度变化梯度,第2轴上呈现的环境意义不明显。     

河南省降雨侵蚀力时空变异特征

利用河南省119个气象台站自建站始至2003年的逐日降雨量资料,计算其所代表县(市)的逐年与平均降雨侵蚀力,并利用GIS等工具分析河南省降雨侵蚀力的时空变异特征。结果表明:河南省多年年均降雨侵蚀力总体趋势是由北向南递增,最大值出现在南部的新县、鸡公山、商城与桐柏、平舆,其值均超过7 000 MJ.mm/(hm2.h.a);河南省多年年均降雨侵蚀力排序结果可分为5个区域等级,基本与等值线一致;河南省各地的降雨侵蚀力在不同年份变异较大,FFT(快速傅立叶变换)表明无明显的年际周期性规律;河南省降雨侵蚀力的年内变化趋势表现为单峰型,侵蚀主要发生在7—9月份,集中度在北部区域均超过60%;河南省降雨侵蚀力与年侵蚀性降雨量或年侵蚀性降雨量和逐日侵蚀性降雨量之间存在极显著的线性相关性,相关系数分别为0.967 2和0.994 2。     

新疆的沙拐枣灌木荒漠

以沙拐枣属(Calligonum)植物为建群种或共建种组成的植物群落,是亚非荒漠区中一类很独特的植被,它在新疆南北的荒漠中也广泛分布。这种灌木荒漠以其独特的生活型、外貌特点和薪柴、饲用、固沙、蜜源等经济特点,早就引起人们的注意,进行过不少分类学、生物生态学、引种驯化等方面的研究。但是对它的群落类型学及其生态地理规律却研究得不多。我们根据多年的野外考察资料,把这方面的问题整理成文,报道出来供参考。     

苔藓植物生态学研究的数量分析方法

植被数量分析方法在苔藓植被中的应用起步较晚，仅有20多年的研究历史，但发展却十分迅速。这里介绍了目前苔藓植物生态学研究中应用较为普遍的数量分析方法，并探讨了各自的优缺点。     

Infection-interactions in Ethiopian village chickens

Chickens raised under village production systems are exposed to a wide variety of pathogens, and current or previous infections may affect their susceptibility to further infections with another parasite, and/or can alter the manifestation of each infection. It is possible that co-infections may be as important as environmental risk factors. However, in cross-sectional studies, where the timing of infection is unknown, apparent associations between infections may be observed due to parasites sharing common risk factors. This study measured antibody titres to 3 viral (Newcastle disease, Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease) and 2 bacterial (Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella) diseases, and the infection prevalence of 3 families of endo- and ecto-parasites (Ascaridida, Eimeria and lice) in 1056 village chickens from two geographically distinct populations in Ethiopia. Samples were collected during 4 cross-sectional surveys, each approximately 6 months apart. Constrained ordination, a technique for analysis of ecological community data, was used to explore this complex dataset and enabled potential relationships to be uncovered and tested despite the different measurements used for the different parasites. It was found that only a small proportion of variation in the data could be explained by the risk factors measured. Very few birds (9/1280) were found to be seropositive to Newcastle disease. Positive relationships were identified between Pasteurella and Salmonella titres; and between Marek's disease and parasitic infections, and these two groups of diseases were correlated with females and males, respectively. This may suggest differences in the way that the immune systems of male and female chickens interact with these parasites. In conclusion, we find that a number of infectious pathogens and their interactions are likely to impact village chicken health and production. Control of these infections is likely to be of importance in future development planning.     

Genotype by environment effects and selection for drought tolerance in tropical maize. II. Three-mode pattern analysis

A selection program in three tropical maize populations aimed to improve tolerance of mid-season to late season drought environments while maintaining grain yield (GY) potential. The selection process employed other attributes that included maintaining a constant anthesis date (AD) and, under drought, shortening the anthesis-silking interval (ASI) and increasing ear number per plant (EPP). Three-mode (genotypes × environments × attributes) pattern analysis, which consists of clustering and ordination, should be able to collectively interpret these changes from ten evaluation trials. Mixture maximum likelihood clustering identified four groups that indicated the populations' performance had changed with selection. Groups containing the advanced cycles of selection were higher yielding in most environments and had lower ASI and higher EPP, particularly in drought environments. Check entries with no selection for drought tolerance remained grouped with the initial cycles of selection. A 3 × 2 × 3 (genotypes by environments by attributes) principal component model explained 70% of the variation. For the first environmental component, ASI was shown to be highly negatively correlated with both GY and EPP while anthesis date (AD) was virtually uncorrelated with other traits. The second environmental component (explaining 10% of the variation) contrasted droughted and well-watered environments and showed that EPP and GY were better indicators of this contrast (in terms of changes in population performance) than were AD or ASI. Three-mode analysis demonstrated that improvements with selection occurred in both droughted and well-watered environments and clearly summarised the overall success of the breeding program. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.