基于信息熵的耕地土壤养分与环境影响因子空间相关性研究

[目的] 探究耕地土壤养分含量空间格局及与环境因子的空间相关性,为区域耕地土壤施肥管控及农业生态环境保护等相关工作提供理论依据。[方法] 以湖北省枣阳市耕地为研究对象,选取土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、缓效钾和有效磷5种土壤养分指标,并收集整理成土母质、土壤类型、土壤pH值、高程（DEM）、地表起伏度、坡度、植被覆盖度指数（NDVI）、平均气温、平均降水量和土地利用方式10种环境影响因子,利用普通克里金插值和信息熵原理,分析每种土壤养分的空间分布特征以及每种土壤养分空间分异特征与环境因子的相关性。[结果] 枣阳市土壤缓效钾空间异质性不明显,全域含量水平较高;其他4种养分均表现出不同程度的空间异质性。信息熵结果表明,5种土壤养分含量空间格局与成土母质、土壤类型和气候因子相关性均较强但相关程度存在差异;地形因子与全氮和有机质含量空间相关性较强,土壤pH值与土壤速效钾、缓效钾和有效磷相关性较强。[结论] 枣阳市土壤养分格局受自然因素影响较强,但相关性指数K值都较低,说明受到人为施肥与农作物消耗以及灌溉排水导致的土壤水化学反应及养分流失的影响。     

基于辅助信息的森林蓄积量空间模拟

以北京市密云县一类清查的样地蓄积量为研究对象,结合与蓄积量相关的辅助因子,采用普通克里格法、协同克里格法对森林蓄积量进行空间插值估测,并与文献[25]同一研究区的基于偏最小二乘法回归法估测结果进行比较分析。结果表明,普通克里格法、基于辅助信息的协同克里格法、偏最小二乘回归法的蓄积量估测值与实测值间的相关系数分别为0.389、0.845、0.766;基于辅助信息的协同克里格法要优于普通克里格法和偏最小二乘回归法,能够明显提高预测精度;与普通克里格法相比,所产生的均方根误差减小了71%,预测值和实测值的相关系数提高了54%。最后生成了密云县森林蓄积量空间分布图。研究表明应用地统计学方法进行蓄积量估测具有很好的应用前景,可以为森林蓄积量的估测提供一种可行的方法。     

焉耆盆地绿洲区地下水硝态氮污染空间变异性研究及成因分析

为了研究焉耆盆地绿洲区地下水硝态氮污染状况,通过野外采样及室内分析,运用地统计学方法中的普通克里金(Or-Kriging)法对绿洲农区207个地下水进行了硝态氮空间变异分析,并以河流、农田排渠水中的硝态氮量分析了硝态氮污染的原因。结果表明,绿洲区地下水体硝态氮量总体水平较低,平均值为3.32mg/L,属国家地下水Ⅱ类质量标准,但不同区域地下水的硝态氮量差异明显;采用普通克里金插值对绿洲区未测区域进行估值并按照国家地下水质量标准进行分区表明,绿洲农区大部分区域地下水硝态氮量已接近世界卫生组织(WHO)的最大允许质量浓度(10.0mg/L),个别地区已处于污染警戒状态(20.0mg/L),需尽早采取有效措施防治。随着近些年集约化农业的发展,氮肥施用量的增加及利用率偏低是盆地绿洲区地下水硝态氮污染的根本原因。     

The changes in proximate compositions and glycogen contents in the dorsal ordinary muscles of the full-cycle cultured Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis occurring with growth

ABSTRACT:   Using full-cycle cultured (FC) Pacific bluefin tuna (body length [BL], 42.6–66.4 cm; body weight [BW], 1.66–7.40 kg, n  = 15), the changes in chemical compositions and histological structure of the cephalal parts of the dorsal ordinary muscles (DOM) occurring with growth were investigated. A positive correlation ( r  = 0.9644, P  < 0.05) was observed between BL and BW with growth. The protein, lipid and ash contents of DOM and condition factor did not change with growth. However, the glycogen content of DOM increased ( P  < 0.05) from approximately 55 cm (BL) in this study. Using optical microscopic photographs, the various shapes of muscle fibers were observed and it was noted that the muscle fiber diameter increased ( P  < 0.05) with growth. Using transmission electron microscopic observation, many glycogen granules were observed in muscle fibers (especially, side of connective tissue) of DOM throughout the growth stage in this study. These results indicate that the glycogen content of DOM of FC Pacific bluefin tuna increases before the lipid with growth.     

不同类型大棚光环境特征比较研究

为了探讨不同类型大棚及大棚不同层次覆盖下光环境状况,采用了普通大棚(Ⅰ)、巨型大棚(Ⅱ)、巨型大棚加单层保温膜覆盖(Ⅲ)以及巨型大棚加双层保温膜覆盖(Ⅳ)4种类型,研究了不同大棚中的太阳辐射量、太阳辐射透过率、太阳辐射的分布状况.结果表明,无论晴天还是阴天,处理Ⅰ的太阳辐射量比处理Ⅱ高;处理Ⅰ的日平均太阳辐射透过率比处...     

2003-2017年陕西省NDVI时空变化及其影响因素

[目的] 研究影响陕西省植被覆盖主导气候类和非气候类因子,为区域生态文明建设提供科学依据。[方法] 基于2003—2017年MODIS NDVI数据,利用趋势分析和地理探测器模型等方法,研究了气候类和非气候因素对陕西省植被覆盖的影响。[结果] ①2003—2017年陕西省NDVI空间分布总体上为改善趋势,但在不同植被类型区和生态区有所差异。②降水是影响陕西省植被覆盖空间分布的主导气候类因素,其他因素对当地植被覆盖影响程度有所差异。③降水与气温、日照、风速、相对湿度的交互作用对陕西省植被覆盖空间分布起主导作用。且气温的作用只有在和降水的交互作用下才能体现出来。④植被类型和地貌是陕西省植被覆盖空间分布的主导非气候类因素,其他因素的影响有所差异。⑤植被类型、地貌和土壤类型之间的交互作用对陕西省植被覆盖空间分布起主导作用。人口、GDP的影响也只有在与其他因素的交互作用下才能显现出来。[结论] 气候类因素的影响大于非气候类因素,气候类和非气候类因素的共同作用能够充分的解释植被覆盖空间分布。     

普通硅酸盐水泥对石膏基混合胶结材的改性研究

石膏因其耐水性差，强度较低限制了它的应用。采用掺入普通硅酸盐水泥来改善其不足是一种简单，经济实用的方式。本文叙述了在石膏中掺入的普通硅酸盐水泥量不同时，石膏基混合胶结材的强度变化及其耐水性变化等，并探讨了其内在的发展规律。     

Spatial heterogeneity of factors influencing forest fires size in northern Mexico

In Mexico, forest fires are strongly influenced by environmental, topographic, and anthropogenic factors. A government-based database covering the period 2000-2011 was used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the factors influencing forest fire size in the state of Durango, Mexico. Ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models were fit to identify the main factors as well as their spatial influence on fire size. Results indicate that fire size is greatly affected by distance to roads, distance to towns, precipitation, temperature, and a population gravity index. The geographically weighted model was better than the ordinary least squares model. The improvement of the former is due to the influence of factors that were found to be non-stationary. These results suggest that geographic location determines the influence of a factor on fire size. While the models can be greatly improved with additional information, the study suggests the need to adopt fire management policies to more efficiently reduce the effect of anthropogenic factors. These policies may include more training for landowners who use fire for clearing, closure of roads, application of thinning, prescribed burning, and fire breaks in perimeters adjacent to roads.     

Changes in myoglobin content and proximate compositions of the dorsal ordinary muscles of full-cycle cultured Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck et Schlegel) with body size

We investigated the changes in myoglobin (Mb) content and proximate compositions of the cephalad parts of the dorsal ordinary muscles (Ce‐DOM) of full‐cycle cultured (FC) Pacific bluefin tuna [body length: 42.6–115.4 cm, body weight (BW): 1.7–38.4 kg, killed from July 2004 to October 2005]. The Mb content of Ce‐DOM increased (P<0.01) until a BW of 7.0 kg was reached. However, the Mb content of Ce‐DOM had a wide variety above a BW of 7.0 kg. On the other hand, the moisture, protein and ash contents of Ce‐DOM of FC tuna decreased (P<0.05 and 0.01) with an increase in BW. However, the lipid content of Ce‐DOM increased gradually above about a BW of 20.0 kg. Furthermore, the Mb content in protein of the Ce‐DOM of FC tuna increased with an increase in BW. These results indicated that the increase in Mb content of Ce‐DOM of FC tuna was not related to changes in proximate composition between a BW of 1.7 and 38.4 kg.