New Polyketides from the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11

The species Pseudogymnoascus is known as a psychrophilic pathogenic fungus with a ubiquitous distribution in Antarctica. Meanwhile, the study of its secondary metabolites is infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11, guided by the method of molecular networking, led to the isolation of one novel polyketide, pseudophenone A (1), along with six known analogs (2–7). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Pseudophenone A (1) is a dimer of diphenyl ketone and diphenyl ether, and there is only one analog of 1 to the best of our knowledge. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activities against a panel of strains. This is the first time to use molecular networking to study the metabolic profiles of Antarctica fungi.     

微波电路电测及其计算方法

从实际工程的角度出发，对电路电测方法进行了论述。在微通信工程中，需要获得障碍物的位置和高度，最合理的天线高度组合和障碍物绕射损耗等参数，为此论述了微波电路电测方法及技术要求。在大庆－秦皇岛输油管道通信工程中采用了Ａ，Ｂ测试法进行测试，得到高度－损耗曲线。这种曲线给出相对自由空间接收电平与收，发天线高度之间的关系。在测试所得的高度－损耗曲线与断面图相结合的基础上，由绕射损耗计算公式推出了几种常见障碍     

地税数据中心对传统审计方式的变革

地税数据中心既能满足海量数据的存储需要,还能满足数据的安全控制和管理需要,解决充分利用数据、发挥数据最大作用、挖掘数据资源最大价值的问题。地税数据中心可促进审计方式的变革。     

Networking of integrated pest management: A powerful approach to address common challenges in agriculture

Integrated pest management (IPM) is facing both external and internal challenges. External challenges include increasing needs to manage pests (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) due to climate change, evolution of pesticide resistance as well as virulence matching host resistance. The complexity of designing effective pest management strategies, which rely less heavily on the use of conventional pesticides, is another external challenge. Internal challenges include organizational aspects such as decreasing trend in budget allocated to IPM research, increasing scarcity of human expertise, lack of knowledge transfer into practice and the communication gap both at country level and between countries, and lack of multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary IPM research. There is an increasing awareness that trans-national networking is one means to overcome such challenges and to address common priorities in agriculture. A large number of stakeholders (researchers, policy makers, growers and industries) are involved in the sector of crop protection, which needs to be coordinated through effective communications and dynamic collaboration to make any IPM strategy successful. Here we discuss a decade-long IPM networking experiences in Europe emphasizing how IPM research, implementation and adoption in Europe may benefit from a broader level networking.     

灰茶尺蠖触角感器的扫描电镜观察

使用扫描电子显微镜对灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角感器的种类、形态和分布进行了观察。结果表明:灰茶尺蠖触角上主要存在3种感器,分别为毛形感器(sensilla trichodea, ST)、刺形感器(sensilla chaetica, SC)和栓锥形感器(sensilla styloconica, SS)。感器的种类和分布在雌雄成虫触角上没有差异。     

基于无线传感器网络的稻田信息实时监测系统

针对农田环境信息采集过程中监测周期长、环境干扰大等特点,设计了一种基于混合天线无线传感器网络稻田环境信息实时监测系统,采用分簇路由协议进行组网,为不同类型的节点配置不同类型的天线,并使用转台控制汇聚节点定向天线的方向,以扩大网络的覆盖范围和提高系统的稳定性。基于该系统进行长时间稻田组网试验,对网络丢包率和稻田环境参数采集准确性进行测试,试验结果表明,系统运行稳定、测量准确,网络数据平均丢包率为0.44%,稻田空气温度、空气相对湿度和土壤含水率的平均相对误差分别为0.26%、0.64%和0.33%。     

Potential Anti-Obesity,Anti-Steatosis,and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.     

半闭弯尾姬蜂触角感觉器的超微结构研究

采用扫描电镜观察了半闭弯尾姬蜂触角表面的超微形态．结果表明,在雌、雄蜂的触角上共存在着7种感觉器,分别为毛形感觉器、刺形感觉器、板形感觉器、Boehm氏鬃毛、柱形感觉器、锥形感觉器、钟形感觉器．对触角感觉器的形态、分布进行了描述,并对两性间的差异进行了讨论。     

川硬皮肿腿蜂雌蜂触角超微结构观察

应用扫描电镜对川硬皮肿腿蜂两种类型雌蜂触角的外部形态结构进行了观察,结果表明:川硬皮肿腿蜂雌蜂触角上有18种感器,其中有毛形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型,刺形感器Ⅰ型,锥形感器Ⅰ型,鳞形感器,栓锥形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型,钟形感器,坛形感器,板形感器,柱形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型,长锥形感器和边缘感器为两种类型共有,仅数量和分布存在差异;毛形感器Ⅳ型、锥形感器Ⅱ型只在有翅雌蜂触角上存在;毛形感器Ⅲ型、刺形感器Ⅱ型只在无翅雌蜂中存在。