蔬菜连作障碍防治的研究动态

本文论述了引起蔬菜连作障碍的物理原因和生物原因,论述了包含培育抗性品种、作物嫁接、轮作倒茬、土壤消毒、土壤改良和施肥管理、化学防治、生物防治、植物检疫几种防治措施等方面的内容。本文还汇总了国内外近年来对蔬菜连作障碍的研究动态和进展,为进一步研究提供了大量的资料和参考文献。     

烟草连作效应分析及对策初探

综述了连作对烟草在病害、土壤养分、土壤微生物、生长发育和产质量等造成的不利影响,初步分析并提出了一些有针对性的有效缓解和防治措施,同时对烟草连作障碍研究进行了展望。     

Effects of wind turbines and other physical elements on field utilization by pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus): A landscape perspective

The effects of wind turbines and other physical landscape elements on field utilization by wintering pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) were studied in a Danish farmland landscape. Within the study area geese were feeding on pastures, which together with cereals were the main crop types. Apart from wind turbines a variety of potentially disturbing landscape elements was present, e.g., high-power lines, windbreaks, roads and settlements. Patterns of field use were assessed by measuring goose dropping densities along transects perpendicular to wind farms (with turbines in clusters and in lines) and other landscape elements. Local effects were expressed in terms of `avoidance distance', i.e., the distance from a given landscape element to the point at which 50% of maximal dropping density was reached. The spatial distribution of landscape elements within an eight km radius from the goose roost was determined from aerial photographs. The area occupied by various elements, together with the adjacent zones which were not available to geese due to their associated avoidance distances, were quantified using Geographic Information System (GIS).The avoidance distance of wind farms with turbines in lines and in clusters were ca 100 m and ca 200 m, respectively. Geese did not enter the area between turbines within the cluster. At the landscape level, the combined effect of physical elements other than wind turbines caused an effective loss of 68% of the total field area (40 km²). Wind turbines caused an additional loss of 4% of the field area. However, of the remaining area available to geese (13 km²), wind turbines caused a loss of 13% of the total area. The habitat loss per turbine was higher for the wind farm with turbines arranged in a large cluster than for wind farms with turbines in small clusters or lines. This difference was mainly due to the fact that wind farms in small clusters or with a linear layout were generally placed close to roads or other elements with existing associated avoidance zones, whereas the large cluster was placed in the open farmland area. The avoidance zones associated with physical elements in the landscape do not take into account possible synergistic effects and, hence, actual field areas affected are likely to be minimum estimates. Implications of these findings for planning of wind farms in areas of conservation interest to geese are discussed.     

农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平评价及障碍度分析

推动冷链物流高质量发展,对减少农产品产后损失、扩大消费品优质供给、保障食品安全有重要作用。基于我国2012-2021年统计数据,构建了包括经济基础、物流发展、冷链运营、开放创新、绿色协调5个一级指标及21个二级指标的农产品冷链物流高质量发展评价指标体系,利用熵值法确定各指标的权重,综合评价指数确定得分水平,借助障碍度模型分析发展障碍因子。结果显示：我国农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平总体呈上升趋势且增速较快,到2021年水平值达到0.85,是初始状态的近13倍,其中开放创新水平的贡献度最高;阻碍高质量发展的障碍因素在2017年之前为开放创新水平,之后则是绿色协调水平。为进一步提高我国农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平,需要充分利用国内外两个市场、促进产业协同、发展绿色低碳物流。     

温室移动机器人避障功能研究

为了实现移动机器人在温室内的避障,应用虚拟力场法建市了避障模型,描述了目标点的虚拟引力和障碍物的虚拟斥力之间的关系及其功能设计,实现了从机器人运动班杯值到控制量的转变。结果证明,机器人在多变的周边环境中能够实现避障的功能。     

宁南偏旱区畜牧业可持续发展的探讨

基于宁南偏旱区的基本资源特点，分析了该地区畜牧业可持续发展的依据和影响因素，提出了畜牧业可持续发展的发展战略以及实现该战略目标应采取的主要对策的措施。退耕还牧，改善畜牧业赖以发展的基础条件，不断提高畜牧业经营的综合效益；强化意识，增加畜牧业投入，加强科学研究和科学技术的推广力度。     

基于BP神经网络的工业生态安全动态评价及障碍因子诊断

[目的]对安徽省工业生态安全进行评价和预测,为安徽省工业生态安全可持续发展提供科学依据.[方法]基于压力、状态、响应框架和生态、环境、经济、社会框架构建工业生态安全评价指标体系,采用聚类工具进行安全等级划分,结合熵权法和综合指数法评价2009-2018年安徽省工业生态安全水平,运用BP神经网络模型对2019-2025年...     

基于结构洞指数的网络节点重要度评估

运用双阶差分模型探究了并购与新建投资模式下公司避税效应的非对称性，并进一步从事后的视角探究该非对称性是否是影响企业投资模式选择的显著影响因素。研究发现：相比于新建投资，并购增加了收购方会计利润应税所得差异，且实质性地降低了其所得税实际有效税率，这表明不同投资模式下公司避税效应存在理论预期的非对称性。进一步研究发现，改变企业会计利润应税所得差异以及会计利润应税所得操纵程度是影响企业投资模式选择的重要因素。从事后的视角来看，企业很可能为了获取更大程度的公司避税效应而选择并购行为。     

香葱连作障碍的成因及其修复试验

选取不同连作年限(0、2、4、6、10、15 a)的葱田土壤,测定土壤的养分、微量元素和重金属含量,发现不同连作年限土壤中的铁、硼、镁等微量元素含量丰富,但是连作葱田土壤的容重、有机质含量和铵态氮含量有不同程度降低,硝态氮含量显著提高。用5种土壤改良剂对连作年限为15 a的葱田进行土壤淋施处理,试验结果表明,奥普尔冲施肥使土壤中的硝态氮含量降低11.57%,铵态氮含量提高50.27%,香葱产量提高2.66%,是最佳的土壤改良剂。