Compatible measurements of volumetric soil water content using a neutron probe and Diviner 2000 after field calibration

Field calibrations for a neutron probe and a capacitance sensor (Diviner 2000) for measuring the soil water content of a shrinking–swelling clay soil were substantially different from commonly used default values. Using our field calibrations, the two instruments estimated similar changes in the cumulative water content of a soil profile (0–1 m depth) over one growing season.     

Comparison of nuclear and capacitance‐based soil water measuring techniques in salt‐affected soils

A field calibration experiment was carried out on salt‐affected clayey soil in Syria, to compare the sensitivity to soil electrical conductivity (ECe), and bulk density (ρ_b) of two instruments for estimating soil moisture: the neutron probe (NP) and the Diviner 2000 capacitance probe (CP). The results showed that the values of the correlation coefficient of the calibration were decreased when the ECe and ρ_b values increased; this decrease was more pronounced for the Diviner 2000, indicating that it was more sensitive to ρ_b and ECe than the NP. When only scaled frequency was used in the fitted equation, the Diviner 2000 in wet soil underestimated soil water content significantly at all depths, but especially in the top layer, by up to 0.09 cm³/cm³ compared with gravimetric determinations. However, in dry soil, the Diviner 2000 overestimated the volumetric water content by up to 0.05 cm³/cm³ in the top 15 cm, and by 0.03 cm³/cm³ at 30‐45 cm depth. The performance of the neutron probe was better overall; using a factory calibration curve no significant differences were observed between NP estimates and the gravimetric values. Including both ρ_b and ECe in the calibration equations improved the fits, although the regression coefficient (R²) for the Diviner 2000 remained low.     

小麦-黑麦小片段易位的快中子辐照诱导

为研究快中子辐照对新合成的小麦-黑麦双二倍体染色体结构变化的影响,分别利用5Gy、15Gy和20Gy三种快中子辐照剂量对其种子进行辐射诱变,采用基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术对M0和M1种子的根尖细胞进行了检测。结果表明,三种剂量下发生小麦-黑麦染色体易位的总频率为12.28%,其中发生外源小片段易位、外源大片段易位和罗伯逊易位的频率分别为9.36%,5.85%和2.34%。三种剂量都可引起小麦与黑麦染色体之间发生易位,分别有1.28%、9.04%和44.94%的M1种子产生了易位。说明随着快中子辐照剂量的增加,小麦与黑麦染色体间发生易位的频率也在增高。本研究为外源染色体片段(或优异基因)导入小麦品种提供了一种高效的技术手段。     

宇宙射线中子法测量区域土壤水分准确性季节变化研究

为证实典型气象条件下宇宙射线中子法测量区域土壤水分准确性的差异和应用普适性,以季节为时间划分尺度,并选取典型气象条件时段,对比研究山地地形下垫面宇宙射线中子法(CRNS)与频域反射法(FDR)土壤水分连续观测效果差异.结果 表明:山地地形下垫面,CRNS水平测量足迹的季节变化较为稳定,垂直足迹在耕作层范围内有一定波动....     

利用中子水分仪测定棉田土壤水分含量

研究利用中子仪对棉田土壤水分含量进行了测定。结果表明：随着土壤深度的增加，土壤水分含量逐渐增加。在棉花生产期间，0－60cm土壤层次含水量变化大。其变异系数为15．88－74．4％，含水量（容积％）为3．12－25．36；60－120cm土壤层次含水量变化小。变异系数为9．43－44．87％，含水量（容积％）为16．15－28．84％。另外，两种土壤剖面类型土壤在保水上也存在着差异。结果也表明：0－20cm土层的含水量明显低于20－40cm土层。     

中子辐照对锆合金显微组织的影响研究进展

作为反应堆的第一道安全屏障,锆合金包壳材料的显微组织一直是国内外的研究热点。针对目前国内外在中子辐照对锆合金显微组织的影响研究领域现状进行了综述,总结了现有研究的不足并提出了对未来研究方向的建议：采用微观分析手段,针对不同中子注量下锆合金包壳的第二相、氢化物和氧化膜展开研究,获得其在实际使用工况下的演变规律,为我国锆合金包壳材料的优化改进提供支撑。     

中子辐照及其与赤霉素复合处理水稻种子对水稻苗期生长的影响

以快中子脉冲堆对水稻种子进行中子辐照后用赤霉素(GA3)处理,对处理的种子发芽和幼苗生长情况进行研究。结果表明,红矮B和CB的致死注量为486×1010/cm2,绵恢2009为900×1010/cm2,明恢63和绵恢2095则为1350×1010/cm2;半致死注量:红矮B和CB为198~486×1010/cm2之间,绵恢2009约为486×1010/cm2,明恢63为629.48×1010/cm2,绵恢2095为774.69×1010/cm2。辐射敏感性表现为保持系>恢复系,即红矮B、CB>绵恢2009>明恢63>绵恢2095。赤霉素为有效的中子辐射防护剂,40和80mg/L是水稻中子辐照复合处理适宜的浓度。     

基于外间隙模型的脉冲星高能辐射研究——以类Crab脉冲星PSR J2229+6114为例

脉冲星物理因脉冲星具有极高的密度、极强的磁场强度等极端物理环境而成为天体物理研究的热点.在两极辐射外间隙模型的基础上,对模型进行了如下考虑:①就对产生过程对脉冲星外间隙厚度因子的限制进行了深入分析;②考虑了脉冲星磁倾角对加速带电粒子运动的影响,计算了带电粒子投射角;③采用了新的计算伽玛射线辐射立体角的方法.在此基础上,将改进的模型运用到Fermi LAT新观测到的类Crab脉冲星(Crab-like Pul-sar):PSR J2229+6114,计算结果表明改进的外间隙模型能够较好的解释这颗脉冲星观测到的能谱和光变曲线.     

中子模拟微区法测农田棵间蒸发

采用中子微区模拟装置测量旱地玉米农田棵间蒸发的结果表明,本实验装置实用可行。晋西棵间蒸发量占降水量(510mm)的55%以上;棵间蒸发与蒸散的比值同叶面积指数呈负相关,玉米产量与作物蒸腾呈正相关。     

Ranking of grass species according to visible wilting order and rate of recovery in the central orange free state

Abstract

A number of grasses were ranked according to the order in which they wilted with diminishing moisture availability, and according to their ability to recover after water replenishment. Digitaria eriantha and Digitaria argyrograpta were the most sensitive to moisture stress, whereas Sporobolus fimbriatus and Panicum stapfianum were last to show signs of wilting. The latter two grass species were the first to recover from wilting during optimum soil water conditions. The leaf water potential and soil water content at which each grass species wilted were recorded.