不同饲养方式对西门塔尔牛日增重及血清部分激素和神经递质水平变化的影响

试验旨在研究散栏与栓系两种饲养方式对西门塔尔牛生长过程中不同时期血清部分激素和神经递质水平变化的影响。选用50头体重相近(330kg左右)、月龄相同(12月龄)、未去势、健康无病的西门塔尔公牛,随机分为散栏组和栓系组,每组25头,分别于2012年10、11、12月及2013年1、2月进行体重及血清部分激素和神经递质水平的测定。结果表明,散栏组日增重在2012年11月显著高于栓系组(P0.05),在2012年12月及2013年2月极显著高于栓系组(P0.01)。散栏组血清部分激素水平中生长激素(GH)含量在2013年2月显著高于栓系组(P0.05);甲状腺素(T4)、睾酮(T)含量在2012年12月和2013年2月分别显著和极显著高于栓系组(P0.05;P0.01);生长抑素(SS)含量在2013年2月极显著低于栓系组(P0.01);雌二醇(E2)、促黄体素(LH)含量在2012年12月和2013年2月显著高于栓系组(P0.05)。散栏组牛血清部分神经递质中组胺(His)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量在2012年12月分别显著和极显著高于栓系组(P0.05;P0.01)。综上所述,随着年龄的增加,散栏饲养组牛血清中部分激素水平变化与日增重变化具有一定的相关性。与栓系饲养方式相比,散栏饲养方式较适合于提高西门塔尔牛的日增重。     

大鼠丘脑氨基酸类神经递质与塞拉嗪麻醉相关性

将32只Wistar大鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组、麻醉组、恢复I组、恢复Ⅱ组。采用反向高效液相色谱法测定丘脑Glu、Asp、GABA和Gly的含量。结果显示,腹腔注射塞拉嗪40mg／kg后,麻醉组大鼠丘脑内GABA和Gly含量与对照组比较显著升高（P〈0．01）,Glu和Asp含量显著降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;恢复I组丘脑Glu和Asp的含量与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;恢复Ⅱ组丘脑内GABA和Gly的含量与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）,Glu和Asp的含量恢复显著（P〉0．05）。结果表明,塞拉嗪作用下引起丘脑内GABA、Gly、Glu和Asp含量的变化可能与塞拉嗪引起麻醉作用机制相关。     

复方柴金解郁片对慢性应激抑郁大鼠HPA轴及海马单胺神经递质的影响

目的 研究复方柴金解郁片对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠HPA轴及海马单胺神经递质的影响,探讨其可能的抗抑郁机制。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为6组：对照组、模型组、氟西汀组（5.4 mg/kg）、复方柴金解郁片高、中、低剂量组（2.74、1.37、0.68 g/kg）,采用慢性不可预见性温和应激建立抑郁模型,于造模同时给药,连续28 d。采用蔗糖偏好实验和旷场测试检测大鼠的抑郁样行为,Morris水迷宫检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,HE染色观察大鼠海马病理结果变化,ELISA法检测大鼠血浆促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质酮（CORT）,以及海马5-羟色胺（5-HT）、5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）、多巴胺（DA）的含量。结果 与抑郁模型组比较,复方柴金解郁片组大鼠蔗糖偏嗜度及活动次数均显著提高,学习记忆能力提升,海马病理损伤情况得到缓解,血浆CRH、ACTH、CORT含量下降,海马组织内5-HT、NA、DA含量上升,5-HIAA含量下降（P<0.05）。结论 复方柴金解郁片能显著改善模型大鼠情绪和学习记忆功能、缓解海马组织损伤,其作用可能与抑制HPA轴亢进、增加脑内单胺递质含量有关。     

睾丸生理功能的植物性神经调节研究进展

研究发现除了内分泌调控外,睾丸神经对睾丸的发育、雄激素的分泌以及精子的发生也发挥重要的调节作用,与睾丸的内分泌调节功能相比较人们对植物性神经在睾丸生理活动调节方面的认识还很少。论文从睾丸的植物性神经分布、精索神经对睾丸发育和睾丸生理功能的影响以及睾丸不同发育时期胆碱能受体和肾上腺素能受体的分布、神经递质NE和Ach对睾丸发育和功能的影响等方面做了详细综述,并对今后的研究方向和研究意义做了展望。     

Genetic polymorphism as a background of animal behavior

Various studies have shown the associations between differences in human behavioral traits and genetic polymorphism of neurotransmitter-related proteins such as receptors, transporters and monoamine oxidase. To clarify the genetic background of animal behavior, corresponding regions in animals have been analyzed. The study has been especially focused on primates, as the evolutionally closest animal to humans, and on dogs, as the socially closest animal to humans. In primates, polymorphisms were discovered between or within species, and the functional effects on neural transmission were found to be different by alleles. Even in apes, the closest species to humans, function was different from that in humans. In dogs, allele distributions of several genes were different among breeds showing different behavioral traits, and genes associated with individual differences in aggressiveness and aptitude of working dogs were surveyed. The survey of behavior-related genes has also been carried out in other mammals such as horses and cetaceans. Genes controlling various behaviors in birds have also been reported. The marker genes for behavior will provide useful information for human evolution, welfare of zoo animals and effective selection of working dogs and industry animals.     

高效液相色谱—电化学法检测蜜蜂脑部单胺类神经递质及其酸性代谢产物含量

建立同时测定蜜蜂脑部神经物质左旋多巴(l-DOPA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、高香草酸(HVA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的高效液相色谱—电化学检测(HPLC-ECD)法.采用Acclaim C18色谱柱,以磷酸二氢钠、辛烷磺酸钠、柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸及乙腈的混合液为流动相,流速0.2 m L·min-1,进样量10μL,柱温38℃,检测电压300 m V.蜜蜂脑组织样品经高氯酸、焦亚硫酸钠和乙二胺四乙酸混合溶液去除蛋白,再由0.22μm滤膜过滤后上样检测.结果表明:脑组织中各待测神经物质线性回归方程相关系数均大于0.997,加样回收率平均值大于90%,日内、日间精密度指数RSD平均小于5.7%.经初步研究,意大利蜜蜂脑部l-DOPA、NE、DOPAC、DA和5-HIAA的含量分别为(0.232±0.107)、(1.288±0.630)、(2.555±1.201)、(0.574±0.233)、(0.393±0.123)ng·脑-1,中华蜜蜂脑部的对应物质含量分别为(0.331±0.162)、(0.894±0.395)、(2.819±0.974)、(0.636±0.255)、(0.353±0.163)ng·脑-1.     

亚慢性铝暴露对雏鸡大脑组织氨基酸类神经递质的影响

以1周龄海兰白蛋鸡为试验对象,采用连续腹腔注射等体积不同浓度梯度AlC13的方法,建立不同程度亚慢性铝暴露模型,研究铝暴露对鸡大脑组织氨基酸类神经递质的影响.试验雏鸡分为对照、低、中、高4个试验组,铝暴露剂量分别为0、18.31、27.47、36.62 mg/kg·dAl3+,暴露60 d后,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测鸡大脑组织中氨基酸类神经递质含量,原子吸收分光光度法检测鸡血清和大脑组织中铝的含量.结果表明,随染铝剂量的加大,谷氨酸( Glu)的含量呈升高趋势,但与对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);血清和大脑组织中铝的含量、甘氨酸(Gly)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、牛磺酸(Tau)含量均高于对照组,与对照组比较差异显著(P＜ 0.05;P＜0.01);低剂量组天门冬氨酸(Asp)含量低于对照组,中高剂量组高于对照组,与对照组比较差异显著(P＜ 0.05;P＜0.01).结果提示,铝暴露可通过影响雏鸡氨基酸类神经递质的含量而产生兴奋性神经毒性作用.     

Effect of rhynchophylline on central neurotransmitter levels in amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference rat brain

The effects of rhynchophylline on expression of amphetamine reward using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and central neurotransmitter levels in rat brain was investigated. Rats were injected with amphetamine (2 mg/kg, per day for 4 consecutive days) and treated with rhynchophylline (60 mg/kg, per day for the later 3 days). Control rats were administered with rhynchophylline (60 mg/kg) instead of amphetamine to evaluate whether rhynchophylline by itself produced CPP. Glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, endorphin, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine contents were examined by encephalofluogram technology. Rhynchophylline reversed the expression of amphetamine-induced CPP and itself did not produce a CPP. Glutamic acid, dopamine, and norepinephrine contents in amphetamine-CPP rat brain were significantly higher; while γ-aminobutyric acid, endorphin, and acetylcholine contents were significantly lower than those of control rats. Rhynchophylline reversed those central neurotransmitter levels induced by amphetamine to control levels; rhynchophylline by itself had no effect on central neurotransmitter in control rats. These findings show that rhynchophylline reverses the expression of amphetamine-induced rewarding effect which is partly mediated by regulation of central neurotransmitter levels in the rat brain.     

GABA and Dopamine Release from Different Brain Regions in Mice with Chronic Exposure to Organophosphate Methamidophos

Organophosphates such as methamidophos, usually used in the agricultural field, have harmful effects on humans. Exposures to insecticides has been associated with many disorders, including damage to the central and peripheral nervous system. Chronic exposure to organophosphates may lead to persistent neurological and neurobehavioral effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of methamidophos on [(3)H]-dopamine (DA) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from different brain regions after chronic exposure to it for 3, 6 or 9 months. After a six-month methamidophos treatment, the mice showed high susceptibility to convulsive seizures and a reduction in stimulated gamma aminobutyric acid release from the cerebral cortex and hippocampal slices, whereas stimulated (DA) release was slightly decreased from the striatum after three months of methamidophos exposure. The results indicate changes in gamma aminobutyric acid and dopamine neurotransmission, suggesting a specific neuronal damage.     

二氧化碳麻醉对鲢生理生化指标及神经调控相关基因表达的影响

为研究CO 2麻醉对鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)的生理效应及其作用机制,设置充CO 2、充O 2实验组,并以持续充空气作为对照组,分别测定鲢的生理生化指标、神经递质含量和神经调控相关基因表达变化。结果显示:与对照组比较,CO 2麻醉处理后,鲢呼吸频率降低37%,血清K+浓度显著升高4倍,肝糖原含量降低86.96%,血清中乳酸、尿素氮浓度分别升高1.08和1.57倍。以上指标在充O 2处理下变化趋势与充CO 2处理下相似,但是测定值高于充CO 2处理组。CO 2处理组血清皮质醇水平无显著变化,但充O 2处理组皮质醇显著升高2.41倍;CO 2处理组的脑组织多巴胺和5-羟色胺水平下降。qPCR结果显示,CO 2麻醉后脑组织双孔K+通道蛋白kcnk3a、kcnk9和缺氧相关hif-1α和epo基因表达量均升高。结果表明,CO 2麻醉鲢可以有效降低新陈代谢和应激反应,是一种安全、有效的麻醉方法。