绿豆种质资源农艺性状的因子分析及综合评价

为合理利用绿豆种质资源,本研究以55份绿豆种质资源为材料,通过对其10个农艺性状进行因子分析及聚类分析。结果表明:10个农艺性状的变异系数为8.57%~47.19%,其中单株粒重变异系数最大,生育期变异系数最小。将10个农艺性状简化为结荚数因子、高度因子、粒数因子、粒重因子和生育期因子5个独立的主因子,该5个主因子可以反映原始信息的86.340%。经综合得分排序,评选出10份性状优良的绿豆种质资源。聚类分析将55份种质资源的10个数量性状分为3大类,类群I、类群II、类群III分别包括22份、7份、26份材料。结合综合评价和聚类分析认为,在黑龙江绿豆生产中,‘安绿8号’、‘佳木斯黄绿豆’、‘冀绿1号’可作为品种选育的改良亲本,也可大面积种植利用。     

基于SSR标记的中国绿豆种质资源遗传多样性研究

【目的】分析中国栽培绿豆种质资源的遗传多样性、亲缘关系和遗传分化,为资源的有效利用、新基因的挖掘和新品种选育奠定基础。【方法】利用40对SSR引物对18个不同地理来源（共272份种质）的绿豆群体进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】共检测到125个等位基因,平均等位基因数（NA）为3.1个,平均有效等位基因数（NE）为1.8个,平均Nei’s基因多样性（H）为0.4233,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.3497,平均期望杂合度（He）为0.4241,平均Shannon信息指数（I）为0.6754,比较发现,河北、山东和安徽是绿豆资源遗传变异较为丰富的地区;平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0.1001,种群内总近交系数（Fis）为0.6759,表明中国绿豆种质间存在一定程度地近交现象;18个参试群体整体水平上的基因流（Nm）值为0.6936,种群间遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.2649,遗传变异水平较高;基于Popgene软件的聚类结果可将272份参试个体聚为2大类,将18个参试群体分为3大类,群体间地理来源越近,亲缘关系也越近。【结论】中国绿豆种质资源遗传多样性较高;地理生态条件等对绿豆种质资源的遗传变异影响很大;群体间遗传分化较大,但同时也存在一定程度地近交现象。     

"AVRDC"绿豆品系的评价及应用

引进了“AVRDC”47个绿豆品系,并进行了鉴定与研究,筛选、推广了适宜河北省种植的品系VC1973A(中绿一号)和VC2719A(中绿二号),明确了“AVRDC”绿豆新品系的应用特点。并与当地资源杂交选育,培育出综合性状优良的新品系。     

绿豆高密度分子遗传图谱的构建

【目的】在前期研究的基础上,进一步利用绿豆基因组SSR、EST-SSR、STS和普通菜豆基因组SSR等标记构建绿豆遗传连锁图谱,为绿豆重要性状相关基因的定位、克隆及分子标记辅助选育新品种等研究搭建技术平台。【方法】利用澳大利亚引进的Berken（高感豆象绿豆栽培种）× ACC41（高抗豆象绿豆野生种）及其重组自交系（recombinant inbreed line,RIL）群体,对6 686对引物进行PCR扩增及多态性筛选,包括6 100对绿豆基因组SSR、149对EST-SSR、13对STS和424对普通菜豆基因组SSR引物,将亲本间多态性引物,进一步分析重组自交系群体。结合前期研究的分子标记数据,利用Mapmarker/Exp 3.0软件构建遗传图谱,并设置LOD≥3.0,最大图距50.00 cM。用Joinmap 4.0软件进行图谱整合。【结果】用2个亲本共筛选了6 686对SSR引物,共有3 691对引物有稳定的扩增产物,得到有多态的引物有588对。其中,通过磁珠富集法开发的绿豆SSR引物6 100对,有效扩增3 459对,有效扩增率56.7%,得到多态性引物559对;通过转录组测序开发的绿豆MGCP引物149对,有效扩增126对,有效扩增率84.6%,得到多态性引物21对;通过磁珠富集法开发的菜豆SSR引物424对,有效扩增97对,有效扩增率22.9%,得到多态性引物6对;绿豆STS引物13对,有效扩增9对,有效扩增率69.2%,得到多态性引物2对。表明不同来源和种类的SSR引物在RIL群体亲本中的有效扩增率有明显差别,绿豆EST-SSR引物（84.6%）最高,绿豆STS引物（69.2%）和SSR引物（55.7%）次之,菜豆SSR引物（22.9%）最低。获得一张含有585个标记（499个SSR标记、74个RFLP标记、9个STS标记和3个RAPD标记）的绿豆遗传图谱,图谱总长732.9 cM,包括11个连锁群,每个标记间的平均距离为1.25 cM,平均长度为66.63 cM。每个连锁群长度为45.2-112.8 cM,每条染色体上面的标记数为35-92个,平均53.18个。标记位点数最多的连锁群LG1含92个标记,长度为112.8 cM;标记位点数最少的连锁群LG11仅含有35个标记,长度为48.7 cM。对图谱的585个标记位点进行χ2测验,在P＜0.05和P＜0.01条件下,分别有79个和151个标记表现为偏分离,占总标记位点数的39.3%。【结论】构建了一张目前国内外发表的标记数最多、密度最高的绿豆遗传连锁图谱。     

烫浸种处理对绿豆芽萌发与生长影响的研究

比较不同烫浸种处理对绿豆芽萌发和生长的影响,得出绿豆芽最佳的烫浸种条件组合为:1)烫种温度55℃,烫种时间20min;2)浸种温度25℃,浸种时间6h。     

Genetical relationships between reactions to bacterial leaf spot,yellow mosaic and Cercospora leaf spot diseases in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.Paper XII in the series Studies on resistance in crops to bacterial diseases in India.     

野生绿豆种质资源TC1966抗豆象基因的AFLP标记研究

野生种抗豆象绿豆种质资源TC1966对多个豆象小种均具有很好的抗虫性。通过对抗虫亲本TC1966、感虫亲本绿1号及以中绿1号为轮回亲本经多代回交后获得的3个近等基因系材料进行抗虫鉴定．结果轮回亲本中绿1号的种子被害率〉90％．表现高感（HS）；抗性亲本TC1966及三个高代材料种子被害率〈10％，表现高抗（HR）．说明抗虫亲本TC1966中的抗虫基因呈显性遗传，且能够在后代材料中稳定遗传和表达。本文利用AFLP分子标记技术对该5份试验材料进行了多态性指纹图谱分析．结果从830对AFLP引物组合中筛选出在抗、感虫材料间表现多态性的引物组合100对。将部分多态性AFLP特异扩增条带从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上回收，然后将二次扩增产物进行测序，并通过同源性序列比较的手段进行了相关生物信息学分析。本研究为今后进一步开展抗豆象基因的AFLP分子标记及其转化研究乃至抗豆象基因的克隆工作提供参考依据。     

可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的制备及其在青脆李保鲜中的应用

以绿豆淀粉和大豆分离蛋白为制膜原料,通过考察二者复合比例对可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜性能的影响,研究可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的最佳复合比例,同时利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对该复合膜进行结构表征,并考察其对青脆李贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：在绿豆淀粉与大豆分离蛋白复合比例为2∶1时,绿豆淀粉基复合膜表现出良好的膜性能,此时溶解度、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别为18%、1.2×10^-5g·mm·cm^-2·h^-1·Pa^-1、35 MPa和21.4%。与绿豆淀粉膜相比,该复合膜组分间的相容性较好,且表面更平滑、均匀。在常温贮藏期间,用该复合膜涂膜的青脆李硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质指标均优于未涂膜组,可作为青脆李的保鲜膜材料。     

Salt stress and mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: effects,physiological perspective and management practices for alleviating salinity

Mungbean is an important food grain legume with high economic status. It has an excellent source of dietary protein and nutritional health benefits, particularly for the vegetarians. It increases soil fertility and also plays an imperative role in major cropping systems due to its short life span. Production of mungbean is still decreasing due to its susceptibility towards various environmental stress factors. Salt stress is one of the most prevailing abiotic stress imposing threats for agriculture food crops along with increasing world population and limited natural resources. Fewer efforts have been made to develop an improved variety of mungbean. The present review summarizes the adverse effects of salt stress and mungbean response at the physiological and molecular level. It covers recent studies on introgression of useful traits in mungbean for its better adaptability and survival under stressed conditions. Modern biotechnological approaches and traditional breeding methods may assist the development of salt-tolerant cultivars of mungbean for salinity-affected area in arid and semi-arid regions. Researchers involved in this area should keep this goal on priority for sustainable mungbean production. Availability of protein-rich food may help to reduce the problem of malnutrition in poor families and national food security issue for a continuous rising population.     

Influence of summer legume residue recycling and varietal diversification on productivity,energetics, and nutrient dynamics in basmati rice–wheat cropping system of western Indo-Gangetic Plains

A field experiment was conducted on summer mungbean residue recycling (SMBRR) and basmati rice–wheat cropping system (BRWCS) at New Delhi, India. The SMBRR enhanced the system productivity and net returns by ～19.1% and 22.1% compared to summer fallow (SF) with highest magnitude under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967. Two genotypes each in basmati rice (PB 1 and P 2511) and wheat (HD 2967 and HD 2733) responded well to SMBRR with respect to grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) ≥ 1.0. SMBRR also registered ～13.5% higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) than SF. Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage also increased by ～6.8% in 0–30 cm soil layer. The rice–wheat–summer mungbean system produced significantly highest energy efficiency compared to the rice–wheat–summer fallow system with highest values under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967 as a result of better yield expression. Overall, SMBRR with suitable genotypic sequence improved the system productivity, profitability, and nutrient dynamics in BRWCS, which are vital for long-term sustainability of this system.