Evaluation on Tolerance of Montmorillonite as a Mycotoxin Adsorbent

In order to study the tolerance dose of Kunming mice to montmorillonite as a mycotoxin adsorbent in diets,the experiment selected 60 healthy male Kunming mice with initial average body weight of (17±0.12)g,randomly divided them into 5 treatments with two replicates per group and 6 mice per replicate.Five experimental diets were added to 0 (control group),0.5%,1%,2% and 5% montmorillonite,respectively.After 30 days,the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indices and internal organization were tested to determine the tolerance dose of montmorillonite for Kunming mice.The results showed that the ADFI was significantly increased in 0.5% group (P< 0.05),while there were no significant differences in ADFI and ADG between 1% group and control group (P> 0.05),then the ADFI was significantly decreased with the increasing of montmorillonite supplemental level (P< 0.05).The ADG in 2% group had no significant difference when compared with the control group (P> 0.05),while significantly lower than that in 0.5% and 1% groups (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM,CP and EE showed no significant effect at any level of montmorillonite (P> 0.05).Serum ALT,AST activities and MDA content were gradually increased with the montmorillonite supplemental level increasing,and that in 1%,2% and 5% groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P< 0.05),but there were no significant differences between 0.5% group and control group (P> 0.05).Tissue sections showed that mice livers were damaged in varying degrees when the montmorillonite supplemental level was 5%.In conclusion,based on a comprehensive consideration of all indexes,it could be seen that the tolerance dose of the tested montmorillonite for Kunming mice was between 0.5% and 2% when mycotoxin contents in diets were in security range.     

改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素B_1和玉米赤霉烯酮的吸附研究

本试验旨在探究4种不同改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉B1(AFB1)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的体外吸附性能。采用体外吸附试验,在霉菌毒素污染的喷浆玉米皮中添加4种改性蒙脱石,检测AFB1和ZEN的浓度变化,以探究不同种类及不同添加比例改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN的吸附作用。结果表明:4种改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN均有显著吸附作用,其中膨润土经十八烷基三甲基氯化铵改性制备的复合改性蒙脱石II型对AFB1和ZEN的吸附效果最好,在添加量为1%时,对AFB1和ZEN的吸附率分别为62.60%和43.38%。在本体外试验条件下,4种改性蒙脱石对喷浆玉米皮中AFB1和ZEN均具有吸附作用,可以降低喷浆玉米皮中的霉菌毒素含量,为改性蒙脱石在饲料脱毒剂的使用提供参考。     

蒙脱土改性尿素醛肥料的制备及性能研究

[目的]研制氮缓释性能优异且制备工艺简单的缓控释肥料.[方法]采用溶液聚合法将具有纳米层状结构的蒙脱土(MMT)穿插在含有营养元素的聚合物缓释肥料尿素醛(UF)中,制备得到一种具有插层结构的新型生物降解高分子缓控释肥料.采用FTIR、XRD对制备肥料的结构进行表征,通过SEM观察肥料的表面形貌,研究原料配比对肥料加工性...     

Effects of Cu2+-exchanged montmorillonite on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia

A total of 360 Nile tilapia at an average initial body weight of 3.9 g were randomly allocated to four treatments, each of which had three replicates of 30 fish per tank and used to investigate the effects of Cu²⁺‐exchanged montmorillonite (Cu‐MMT) on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities. The dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet, (ii) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 MMT; (iii) basal diet + 30 mg kg^?1 copper as CuSO₄ (equivalent to the copper in the Cu‐MMT treatment group), or (iv) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 Cu‐MMT. The results showed that supplementation with Cu‐MMT significantly improved growth performance as compared with the control and fish fed with Cu‐MMT had higher growth performance than those fed with MMT or CuSO₄. Supplementation with Cu‐MMT reduced (P < 0.05) the total intestinal aerobic bacterial counts and affected the composition of intestinal microflora with Aeromonas, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligence, Enterobacteriaceae decreasing as compared with the control. Addition of MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, and the activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. Addition of Cu‐MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash, and the activities of total protease, amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. While supplementation with CuSO₄ had no (P > 0.05) effect on intestinal microflora, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities the results showed that Cu‐MMT exhibited antibacterial activity in vivo resulting in a positive effect on digestive enzyme activities, and then promoted the digestion and absorption of dietary nutrition.     

柱撑酸化蒙脱土催化合成丙烯酸正丁酯的研究

将蒙脱土经不同方法进行改性处理,并以此为催化剂,催化丙烯酸与正丁醇反应生成丙烯酸正丁酯。考察了以微波处理的柱撑酸化蒙脱土为催化剂催化合成丙烯酸正丁酯的反应条件。结果表明,以微波处理的柱撑酸化蒙脱土催化效果最好,适宜的反应条件为：丙烯酸为0.1 mol,醇酸的摩尔比为1.2：1,阻聚剂为对苯二酚,其用量为0.3 g,约为丙烯酸质量的4%,催化剂的用量1.7g,约为丙烯酸质量的20%,反应的时间为7 h,在回流状态下,其酯化率为84.1%。催化剂可以重复使用。     

新型硅酸盐钝化剂对镉污染土壤的钝化修复效应研究

通过活化蒙脱石中硅(Si)元素制备新型硅酸盐土壤重金属钝化剂,并在高效钝化重金属的同时为作物生长提供营养成分。采用盆栽试验研究了新型硅酸盐钝化剂对土壤pH和镉(Cd)形态分布的影响,同时考察了钝化剂对小白菜生物量、株高及Cd含量的影响,探讨了钝化剂对土壤镉污染可能的钝化机理及效果。结果表明,在Cd含量为3 mg·kg~(-1)和5 mg·kg~(-1)污染土壤上施加新型硅酸盐钝化剂均可显著增加小白菜的生物量并降低其重金属含量,土壤Cd含量为3 mg·kg~(-1)时施加5‰硅酸盐钝化剂可使小白菜生物量增加25%、Cd含量降低59.17%;添加5‰钝化剂可使土壤pH升高约1.4个单位,且土壤中弱酸溶解态镉含量分别降低19.8%和9.40%。由此可见,新型硅酸盐钝化剂可有效降低酸性镉污染土壤中可迁移态Cd含量并促进作物生长。     

微粒蒙脱石对猪组织铅水平、红细胞生成和肝脏ALA-D酶活性及铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

选60头体质量约33kg的“杜长大”杂交猪，随机分成2组，每组3个重复，一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg/kg铅＋0.5％微粒蒙脱石，另一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg／kg铅作为对照。研究结果表明：添加微粒蒙脱石组与对照组相比，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量：通过血细胞计数、血红素和血球容积测定表明，添加微粒蒙脱石组的红细胞生成显著增高，且肝脏中ALA—D酶活性显著提高。铅对肝脏的损伤作用明显。表现为丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（17．08％），过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）含量分别降低85．73％、52．17％、47．56％，而在日粮中添加微粒蒙脱石可以显著改善铅诱导的上述损伤。结果提示，微粒蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。     

酚醛树脂/蒙脱土混合溶液固化特性研究

用单因素法分析蒙脱土和酚醛树脂混合溶液的固化情况,结果表明蒙脱土分散浓度增加,混合溶液固化时间增长;酚醛树脂浓度和固化温度加大,固化时间缩短,其中温度是影响固化效果较为明显的因素;不加固化剂时固化效果更好.     

离子交换伏安法测定人发中痕量镉的研究

报道了一种测定痕量镉的电化学分析方法。在 pH 4.0 0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,镉离子在钠型蒙脱石修饰玻碳电极上通过离子交换有十分灵敏的阳极溶出峰 ,且峰高与镉的含量相关。据此建立了测定痕量镉离子的方法 ,优化了各种试验条件 ,如支持电解质的选择、pH值的影响、修饰剂的用量、富集电位及时间、以及扫描速率。该方法测定镉时线性范围为 8×1 0 - 9～ 2× 1 0 - 6 mol/L ,检出限为 1× 1 0 - 9mol/L。方法简便、快速 ,灵敏度高。用此法测定了人发样品中的镉离子含量 ,结果令人满意。