O/W型药用微乳的制备及评价

 【目的】研究O/W型药用微乳形成的基本规律及评价方法,为药用微乳的研究和应用提供一定的实验依据。【方法】通过滴定法绘制拟三元相图,考察不同表面活性剂和助表面活性剂对O/W型微乳形成的影响。【结果】在相同油相的情况下,不同表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的不同结构和性质、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的质量比(Km)、温度的变化对微乳的形成均有影响。【结论】恰当的油相和适配的表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的合理搭配,可以使微乳体系中表面活性剂的用量降低至7.5％,而且一般微乳形成的区域大小与表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的总量成正比,与油的用量成反比。用三元相图作为选择最佳微乳组方需要结合微乳的稳定性考察来确定微乳的最佳形成条件。     

杏仁油微胶囊制备工艺的优化

杏仁油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,为防止杏仁油的氧化,扩大杏仁油的用途,以麦芽糊精和牛乳分离蛋白为壁材,大豆卵磷脂为乳化剂,采用喷雾干燥法对超临界CO<,2>萃取的杏仁油进行了微胶囊化研究,采用响应面分析法研究了微胶囊的最佳配方,正交法确定了喷雾干燥的最佳工艺参数.结果表明:杏仁油微胶囊包埋最佳配方为杏仁油质量分数25%、牛乳分离蛋白质量分数25%、大豆卵磷脂质量分数2%和麦芽糊精质量分数48%,在20 MPa压力下均质处理;喷雾干燥适宜的工艺参数为进风温度180℃,出风温度80℃,进料温度50℃.在上述优化条件下可制得高质量高包埋率的杏仁油微胶囊产品,包埋率达94.7%.     

Phase behavior of biodiesel/diesel-ethanol-water micro-emulsion system

The phase behavior of the biodiesel/diesel-ethanol-water micro-emulsion system is investigated with chemical titration, and the effect of the biodiesel to diesel ratio on the phase behavior is analyzed.The results indicate that there exists an isotropic single-phase region in which the system formulates stable isotropic micro-emulsions consisting of biodiesel, diesel, ethanol and water without involving any surfactants, which reveals that biodiesel can be used successfully as a surface-active agent, and that the single-phase area depends on the concentrations of different components.At higher ethanol concentrations and higher ratios of biodiesel to diesel, the width of single-phase area is increased and the maximum limit of water dissolved in the mixture of biodiesel-diesel-ethanol which form a stable single-phase micro-emulsion is increased with higher biodiesel concentrations in the case of a constant ethanol quantity.Finally, the maximum limit of dissolved water in the mixture of different components is obtained.     

Temperature-insensitive microemulsions and dilution ripening

Single-phase microemulsions are thermodynamically stable dispersions of an oil in water (O/W) or water in oil (W/O) and are an attractive means of formulating agrochemical products (bicontinuous systems of mutually dispersed oil and water are also possible). Two areas of interest are reported in this summary. (i) Temperature sensitivity – a disadvantage of many microemulsion systems is that the phase boundary of the single-phase region is often highly dependent upon temperature and electrolyte concentration. The aim of this work was the production of temperature-insensitive systems, the criterion used being that the radius of curvature of the droplets at the solubilisation boundary was independent of temperature. (ii) The application of microemulsion systems will involve dilution into water to form the spray system and, as such, an understanding of how the droplets grow under these conditions is of importance. Factors affecting droplet growth processes occurring upon dilution into water have been investigated.     

表面活性剂对超临界CO_2萃取人参中皂苷的影响

为了改善超临界CO2萃取在极性物质方面存在的局限性,在其体系中引入特定表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,考察了它们对超临界CO2萃取人参中皂苷的影响。试验结果发现,表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的加入均可显著提高超临界CO2萃取人参中皂苷的萃取率,其改善效果与它们的种类和加入量有关。在司盘80、吐温80、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚和琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠4种表面活性剂中,以琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠的改善效果最好,其次是聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚和吐温80,而司盘80最差。在3种助表面活性剂对琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠/超临界CO2反相微乳萃取人参皂苷的改善效果方面,以乙醇效果最好,其次是正戊醇,正丁醇效果最差。在萃取压力32MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间4h和CO2流量2.5L/h的条件下,AOT和乙醇的加入量以0.036g/mL较好,此时人参皂苷的萃取率达15.9%,是没加表面活性剂和助表面活性剂下的13.3倍。