Selection and amplification of the liver stem cell subset from rat bone marrow cells with a medium containing cholestatic serum in vitro

AIM: To explore the feasibility of direct separat and selective enlargement of the bone marrow-derived liver stem cells (BDLSC) from bone marrow cells with a culture system containing cholestatic serum in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow cells of rats were cultured with selective media containing 2%, 5%, 7% and 10% cholestatic rat serum, respectively. The BDLSC were then induced to proliferate with the addition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the firth day. BDLSC were characterized using immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR for lineage markers, glycogen staining and urea synthetic assay for functions 2 weeks later. RESULTS: Bone marrow cells were unble to form colony in the presence of 2% cholestatic serum and apopotosis appeared gradually in 7% or 10% cholestatic serum. The BDLSC survived in the medium containing 5% cholestatic serum while the other types of cells did not. The survival cells proliferated with a high speed during the second week and then formed hepatocyte-like colony-forming units (H-CFU). Cells in the H-CFU expressed the characteristic proteins of fetal hepatocytes. Furthermore, they had glycogen storage and urea synthesis functions, two of the critical features of hepatocytes. CONCLUSION: The selective micro-environment effectively selected BDLSC from the bone marrow cell, and will be a new way to provide an abundant source of donor hepatocytes for clinical cell therapy.     

湖南猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离及药物敏感性监测

从湖南47个规模化猪场发生典型仔猪黄、白痢猪只的63份腹泻病猪分离出63株大肠杆菌，其中12株作致病力试验均有致病性，对25种抗菌药物药敏试验，大肠杆菌对胺卡那霉素和头孢唑啉敏感，敏感菌株分别占98．41％和92．06％；多种抗生素产生耐药性，且为多重耐药。     

补骨脂抑菌活性成分分析及鉴定

本文以苹果腐烂病菌为指示菌,采用菌丝生长速率方法测定补骨脂的抑菌活性,其中提取物采用浸渍法提取,通过反复柱层析、薄层层析等分离纯化方法,对补骨脂粗提物的活性成分进行系统的分离,最终得到5种活性物质,经波谱分析法鉴定5种化合物分别为补骨脂酚（bakuchi01）、呋喃香豆素精（bakuchicin）、补骨脂查尔酮（bavachalcone）、补骨脂定（psoralidin）和补骨脂二氢黄酮（bavachin）。经过室内毒力试验,5种化合物的EC50分别为6．117、60．441、3．420、36．815和6．144mg·L-1,EC90分别为204．480、97．795、15．334、221．860和89．631mg·L-1,表明5种化合物对苹果腐烂病菌均具有很高的抑制活性。     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

农用抗生素分离纯化的研究进展

目前我国农用抗生素大规模生产的品种主要有井冈霉素、阿维菌素和赤霉素,而未能大规模生产的抗生素共同存在的问题是技术不成熟,生产成本较高,进而限制了其在生产实践中的应用;另外我国农用抗生素研究的人力、物力过于分散.对一些优良品种投入太少,也是造成大规模生产的农用抗生素品种少的主要因素.阐述了国内外农用抗生素有效成分分离、提取、纯化技术特点与发展趋势.     

生物防火林带技术的科学基础和发展前景

生物防火林带技术是将特定常绿阔叶树种呈带状密植到易燃的植物群落中,用以预防和阻隔地表火及树冠火蔓延。研究表明,生物防火林带的防隔火功能不只是来自于植物叶片间可燃性的差异,更多源于常绿阔叶树的树冠结构以及相对密植构成的独特林分。通过抑制带内地表可燃物的生长,实现对地表火的阻隔;在遭受树冠火袭击时,以其树冠较弱的可燃性和分层特性消减火势(强度),降低火蔓延过程中热量输运的效率,使火蔓延自动终止。与传统的防火隔离带(生土带)相比,该项技术在阻挡火焰辐射、飞火以及保持水土和生态维护等方面拥有绝对优势。由于缺乏对其抵抗树冠火规模的量化认识,也没有建立起量化的技术性能指标以及细化的实施规范,生物防火林带技术仍处于经验型阶段。对该项技术的进一步发展与完善,不仅可以确保其在森林防火分隔实践中的应用效果,还可以在森林和城镇结合部等火灾多发地域发挥更大的作用。     

气候变化下的塔里木盆地西南部内陆河流域径流组分特征分析

气候变化对中亚高山区水循环影响显著,加剧了区域水资源供需矛盾.认识区域内陆河径流组分特征对于水资源管理具有重要意义.基于塔里木盆地西南部提孜那甫河流域过去60a(1957-2016年)的气象、径流数据,分析了区域气候变化特征及径流组分的响应.结果 表明:(1)过去60 a来,流域气温及山区降水呈现出明显的上升趋势,自2...     

9种大孔树脂对萝卜硫素柱层析分离研究

萝卜硫素是天然抗癌活性物质,具有较好的应用前景。本试验研究了9种大孔树脂对西兰花种子提取液中萝卜硫素的柱层析分离效果。首先,采用9种大孔树脂对西兰花种子提取液中萝卜硫素进行静态吸附率及解吸率进行考察,然后再对静态吸附率及解吸率较高的3种树脂进行回收率、纯度以及成本的对比考察,确定选用的树脂类型,最后对确定选用树脂的动态参数进行优选。结果表明:9种大孔树脂中具有较高的静态吸附率及解吸率是AB-8,SP825和SP850树脂;经过对比考察,确定采用AB-8大孔树脂对萝卜硫素进行柱层析,得到的动态参数为:树脂最大吸附量为20.07 mg/g;2BV 30%乙醇洗杂,4BV 50%乙醇洗脱;树脂柱最佳径高比为1:8。因此,萝卜硫素初提物的分离可以采用AB-8大孔树脂,不仅效果好而且成本低,适合工业生产应用。     

酪蛋白胶束粉的陶瓷膜分离生产工艺

为尽快建立酪蛋白胶束粉(micellar casein concentrate, MCC)的中试生产线,实现MCC在国内的工业化生产,该研究通过测定牛乳蛋白粒径,选取孔径40和100 nm的中空纤维陶瓷膜进行膜分离效果的对比,并选用膜分离效果较佳的陶瓷膜进行最佳操作参数的确定及稀释过滤工艺的研究,最后将自制MCC和进口MCC进行品质特性对比并分析其工业化生产的可能性。结果表明：孔径40 nm中空纤维陶瓷膜与孔径100 nm中空纤维陶瓷膜相比,渗透液中不含酪蛋白,能够减少酪蛋白损失,更适合于酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的分离,孔径40nm中空纤维陶瓷膜的最佳操作参数为操作压力2×105 Pa,料液温度50℃;采用四段式的连续稀释过滤工艺,可使料液中酪蛋白占真蛋白的比例从69.39%提升至93.34%,真蛋白占干物质的比例从38.45%提升至88.15%;稀释过滤完毕后膜的纯水通量衰减了39.98%,经生物酶清洗液清洗后膜的纯水通量恢复至初始的98.02%;自制MCC在成分组成上与加拿大Proteinco公司生产的MCC相比差异不显著（p < 0.05）,但在溶解度和粉粒的微观形态上优于Proteinco MCC;生产1 kg MCC需要原料乳46.24 L,成本为244.58元,可实现其国内工业化生产。研究结果为实现MCC在国内工业化生产及其应用性研究提供参考。     

禾豆间作系统水分和根系分隔对牧草氮素吸收利用及转移的影响

[目的] 禾豆间作可兼顾生产和生态效益,提高氮素利用效率并减少氮肥污染。目前对不同水分条件下禾豆间作体系氮素利用吸收及转移分配过程尚不清晰。[方法] 通过设置2时段总水量相同但间隔3,5天的不同频次水处理,结合根系分隔(不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料板分隔)和氮同位素标记方法,研究间作禾豆牧草的地上生物量、氮素的吸收利用、固氮率和氮转移率。[结果] 间作披碱草的地上生物量、氮含量和氮素累积量相较单作披碱草显著提升,而苜蓿间作相比单作均降低。在总水量持平的情况下,高频水分处理使牧草的地上生物量比中低频水分处理分别提高6.28%,17.32%,苜蓿的固氮率也在高频水处理下比中低频水处理分别提高39.82%,44.81%,但部分中低频水分处理下氮含量和氮素累积量显著高于高频水分处理(p<0.05),且促进氮素的转移。根系分隔使禾豆相互作用减弱,表现为根系分隔增加间作苜蓿的地上生物量、各部位氮含量及地上部氮素累积量,减小间作披碱草的对应指标。间作苜蓿的固氮和氮转移率表现为不分隔＞尼龙网分隔＞塑料板分隔。[结论] 适度的水分调控可以提高禾豆间作的优势,且根系互作是促进豆科牧草生物固氮和氮转移的关键。