Sintering of Magnetite Concentrates Without Carbon

With the goal of the sintering of magnetite concentrates without carbon,the effect of quality,inert atmosphere and Fe_3O_4 addition on microwave sintering of magnetite concentrates is studied.It is shown that: With the same basicity(CaO/SiO_2=2.5) and microwave heating condition(1000W,2.45GHz,20min),the centre temperature decreaseds with a increasing sample mass;There is no great difference between with and without inert atmosphere in microwave sintering of magnetite in a same microwave heating condition.When 100g sample(CaO/SiO_2=2.5) is heated by microwave irradiation(1000W,2.45GHz,20min),the more Fe_3O_4 is added,the less liquid phase is produced,which is bad for microwave sintering of magnetite concentrate.     

基于纳米材料的免疫层析试纸在兽药残留检测中的应用

兽药残留是食品安全的重要影响因素,开发兽药残留检测方法是保证食品安全的重要手段。免疫层析试纸是一种操作简单、生产成本低且具有良好灵敏度的检测方法,适用于现场检测、大规模食品筛选,在兽药残留检测中具有巨大的应用价值。纳米材料可提供特殊的检测信号,是影响免疫层析试纸检测灵敏度和定量分析的关键因素。文章主要对胶体金、磁性纳米材料、量子点以及时间分辨荧光微球这几种纳米标记材料进行介绍,指出各自的优缺点及应用情况,并对该技术在兽药残留检测中的应用趋势进行展望。     

Iron oxide‐humic acid coprecipitates as iron source for cucumber plants

In soil, iron (Fe) solubility depends on complex interactions between Fe minerals and organic matter, but very little is known about plant availability of Fe present in Fe oxides associated with humic substances. For this purpose, this study investigates the effect of Fe mineral crystallinity in the presence of humic acids (HA) on Fe availability to plants. Four Fe–HA mineral coprecipitates were prepared, either in the presence or absence of oxygen, i.e., two goethite (G)‐HA samples containing large amounts of Fe as nanocrystalline goethite and ferrihydrite mixed phases, and two magnetite (M)‐HA samples containing crystalline magnetite. Bioavailability studies were conducted in hydroponic systems on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under Fe deficient conditions and supplied with the Fe–HA coprecipitates containing goethite or magnetite. Results showed that plants grown in the presence of Fe–HA coprecipitates exhibited a complete recovery from Fe deficiency, albeit less efficiently than plants resupplied with Fe‐chelate fertilizer used as control (Fe‐diethylene triamine penta acetic acid, Fe‐DTPA). However, the supply with either G‐ or M–HA coprecipitates produced different effects on plants: G–HA‐treated plants showed a higher Fe content in leaves, while M–HA‐treated plants displayed a higher leaf biomass and SPAD (Soil–Plant Analysis Development) index recovery, as compared to Fe‐DTPA. The distribution of macronutrients in the leaves, as imaged by micro X‐ray fluorescence (µXRF) spectroscopy, was different in G–HA and M–HA‐treated plants. In particular, plants supplied with the poorly crystalline G–HA coprecipitate with a lower Fe/HA ratio showed features more similar to those of fully recovered plants (supplied with Fe‐DTPA). These results highlight the importance of mineral crystallinity of Fe–HA coprecipitates on Fe bioavailability and Fe uptake in hydroponic experiments. In addition, the present data demonstrate that cucumber plants can efficiently mobilize Fe, even from goethite and ferrihydrite mixed phases and magnetite, which are usually considered unavailable for plant nutrition.     

不同亚铁矿物对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的表面吸附特征及机制比较研究

为探明稻田土壤还原条件下不同亚铁矿物对砷的修复潜力,本研究对比研究了磁铁矿、菱铁矿、黄铁矿三种亚铁矿物在不同 pH 条件下（pH 3.00、5.00、7.00）对 As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附特征,并以电位滴定法探究了导致三种亚铁矿物吸持 As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）能力差异的表面电荷性质。等温吸附平衡实验结果表明,Langmuir模型能较好描述三种亚铁矿物对As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附过程。弱酸条件（pH=5.00）下,亚铁矿物对As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附容量依次为：磁铁矿[As（Ⅲ）：23.38 mg·g^-1,As（Ⅴ）：71.33 mg·g^-1] >菱铁矿[As（Ⅲ）：11.63 mg·g^-1,As（Ⅴ）：21.69 mg·g^-1]>黄铁矿[As（Ⅲ）：10.72 mg·g^-1,As（Ⅴ）：7.75 mg·g^-1],在弱酸性（pH=5.00）条件下三种矿物中磁铁矿对As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）吸附容量最高。在中性（pH=7.00）条件下黄铁矿对As（Ⅲ）、菱铁矿对As（Ⅴ）吸附容量相对较高。供试pH条件下磁铁矿、菱铁矿对As（Ⅲ）的吸附强度较高,黄铁矿则对As（Ⅴ）的吸附强度较高。电位滴定实验测得亚铁矿物的电荷零点和总可变电荷量依次为：磁铁矿（pH 9.76;1.025 mol·g^-1）>菱铁矿（pH 7.52;0.240 mol·g^-1）>黄铁矿（pH 4.03;0.084 mol·g^-1）,表面活性位点密度依次为：黄铁矿（90.59 site·nm^-2）>菱铁矿（42.77 site·nm^-2）>磁铁矿（7.94 site·nm^-2）,亚铁矿物对As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附容量受溶液pH、总可变电荷量及其电荷零点影响。非专性吸附和专性吸附是磁铁矿和菱铁矿吸附As的主要方式,而黄铁矿则以专性吸附为主。研究表明,不同pH条件下不同亚铁矿物对稻田土壤砷的修复潜力不同,酸性条件下磁铁矿对As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）有较好修复潜力,中性条件下黄铁矿对As（Ⅲ）、菱铁矿对As（Ⅴ）有较好修复潜力。     

四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料去除水中铵和磷酸盐研究

通过实验考察了四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料对水中铵和磷酸盐的吸附-解吸性能。结果表明,四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料对水中铵和磷酸盐的去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而增加。当溶液pH为4~9时,四氧化-三铁 沸石复合材料对水中铵的吸附能力较高;当溶液pH由9增加到11时,铵的吸附能力明显下降。四氧化三铁 沸石复合材料对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力随溶液pH的增加而降低。四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料对水中铵和磷酸盐的吸附动力学过程较好地满足准二级动力学模型。四氧化三铁 沸石复合材料对水中铵的吸附平衡数据较好地满足Langmuir等温吸附模型,对水中磷酸盐的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin Radushkevich等温吸附模型加以描述。溶液共存的Ca²⁺、Na⁺和K⁺会抑制四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料对水中铵的吸附。溶液共存的Cl^-、SO₄^2-和NO₃^-会略微促进四氧化三铁 沸石复合材料对水中磷酸盐的吸附,而共存的HCO₃^-则会略微抑制对水中磷酸盐的吸附。采用0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液可以使吸附到四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料上的铵全部解吸下来。采用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液可以使大部分吸附到四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料上的磷酸盐解吸下来。     

几种物理因素对四氧化三铁纳米颗粒在有机质存在条件下的饱和多孔介质中迁移持留行为的影响

近些年来,环境研究者对纳米颗粒的迁移性进行了部分研究,但是对环境稳定性低、反应活性高的金属氧化物工程纳米颗粒在多孔介质中的运移沉积行为的系统探讨还很不足,尤其是对其在有机质（NOM）存在条件下迁移行为的了解非常有限。本研究选用四氧化三铁磁纳米颗粒（MENPs）作为研究对象,采用填充柱淋溶实验法,对其在饱和多孔介质中的迁移持留行为展开探讨,其目的是考察几种主要介质环境物理因素对其在天然有机质存在条件下的纵向淋溶过程及其在介质中持留量的影响作用。结果显示,不利吸附条件下的MENPs集聚体在多孔介质中的吸附持留及迁移性能取决于多种合力的作用效果。其中,孔隙水流速增大时,MENPs在多孔介质中的迁移性增强,持留性减弱,持留MENPs在介质中的逐层分布随孔隙水流速改变而变化;而且,MENPs在多孔介质中的迁移持留性与介质颗粒的表面物理性质也有关,天然有机质的存在一定程度上可以改善石英砂表面的异质性。另外,介质颗粒粒径大小也是影响MENP-介质间持留机制的重要因子。当多孔介质颗粒粒径大小改变时,MENPs穿透曲线及持留分布曲线随之变化明显,MENPs的吸附沉积机制也相应有所不同。     

Microwave Sintering of Magnetite Concentrates

A basic research about microwave sintering of three kinds of concentrate has been investigated.Three parameters are included: microwave heating time,carbon addition in sample,variable basicity(CaO/SiO_2).As the microwave heating time increased,the temperature of magnetite concentrates increased too,once the temperature reached a point,the temperature change slowed down.With the same microwave heating condition,to add carbon powder will decrease the heating temperature of sample.In the condition of that the basicity is 2.5,the heating time is 20 min,and the microwave output power is 1 000 W,the sinter product with hole can be got,but the density is lower compared with the regular sinter product,and the reason needs a further research.     

Beeinflusst Magnetit Wassergehaltsmessungen mit time domain reflectometry (TDR)?

Does magnetite have an influence on measurements of water contents by time domain reflectometry (TDR)? An experiment was carried out to investigate an assumed influence of magnetite on TDR pulses. Sand was enriched with three different magnetite concentrations and six different volumetric water contents. The results of this sand standard experiment showed that magnetite up to a concentration of 6% (w/w) has no distinct influence on TDR measurements. Significantly higher water contents measured by TDR in the treatment with 6% magnetite compared to those with 0, 0.5 and 2% magnetite can be explained by the effect of the heavy clay-size magnetite (<2 μm, ρ = 5.1 g cm⁻³) on soil texture and bulk density. This was confirmed by a comparative investigation of three sandy topsoils. Measurements with vertical vs horizonal TDR-probe position gave the same results.     

Acute Phase Pulmonary Responses to a Single Intratracheal Spray Instillation of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles in Fischer 344 Rats

Iron nanomaterials are of considerable interest for application to nanotechnology-related fields including environmental catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia, because of their superparamagnetic characteristics and high catalytic abilities. However, information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is limited. The present study assessed pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of triiron tetraoxide nanoparticles (magnetite) in rats. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=5/group) were exposed to a single intratracheal spray instillation of 0 (vehicle), 5.0, 15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) of magnetite. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed, and biological consequences were investigated. The lung weights of the 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg BW male and female groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups. The lungs of treated rats showed enlargement and black patches originating from the color of magnetite. The typical histopathological changes in the lungs of the treated rats included infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite, inflammatory cell infiltration, granuloma formation and an increase of goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. The results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes foreign body inflammatory and granulating lesions in the lung. These pulmonary responses occur in a dose-dependent manner in association with the increase in lung weight.     

天然磁铁矿和商用Fe3O4修复Hg(II)污染地下水的模拟研究

目前汞污染地下水修复面临很大的技术和成本挑战,亟需发展修复效果好、经济效益性高的汞污染地下水修复技术和修复材料。通过批量实验和光谱分析探究了天然磁铁矿和商用Fe_3O_4对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除效率和去除机制,并分析了两种材料对模拟地下水中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附和脱附行为。结果表明,天然磁铁矿和商用Fe_3O_4对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除受pH、Hg(Ⅱ)初始浓度、Cl-等因素的影响;二者对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除均符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich模型;天然磁铁矿对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除机制主要是羟基络合与物理吸附,而商用Fe_3O_4对Hg(Ⅱ)的去除主要是化学还原与物理吸附。二者对模拟地下水中Hg(Ⅱ)的去除率分别达90%和95%,具有修复Hg(Ⅱ)污染地下水的应用潜力。