论我党历史上的三次经验总结及其重大意义

在我党历史上先后有过3次大的经验总结，促进了党的自身建设及理论上的成熟。第一次总结为中国民主革命的胜利奠定了基础；第二次总结找到了有中国特色的社会主义建设道路；第三次总结把党对历史经验的总结提高到一个崭新的高度，为全面建设小康社会提供了有力的保证。     

高等农业教育在重庆全面建设小康社会中的地位与作用研究

重庆作为年轻的直辖市，城镇化程度低，是典型的农业大市。因此，没有农业的现代化也没有整个重庆的现代化；没有广大农村地区的全面小康就谈不上整个重庆的全面小康。文章针对重庆特别是农村实际，通过分析重庆农村能否实现全面小康，对整个重庆全面小康的影响，破解农村问题的基本思路；以及针对重庆教育特别是高等农业教育的发展现状、高等农业教育在全面建设农村小康社会中的地位与作用作了进一步的研究。探索出高等农业教育在重庆全面建设农村小康社会中地位特殊、作用重要，发展高等农业教育的任务紧迫。     

Somatic cell and innate immune responses in mammary glands of lactating cows to intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve at pre-drying off period

Intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve)-induced somatic cell (SC) counts, chemiluminescent response (CL), lactoferrin (LF) concentrations and mastitis-causing pathogens from quarters with subclinical mastitis were measured to evaluate innate immune response of mammary glands in dairy cows at 3 to 4 weeks before drying off. SC counts in 7 quarters of 7 control cows and 5 quarters of 6 cows with mastitis increased markedly on day 1 and SC values in control cows were significantly (P<0.05) increased and returned to pre-infusion levels on day 5 after B. breve-infusion. CL values in both groups increased markedly on day 1 and then decreased after B. breve-infusion; however, CL values in cows with mastitis did not return to normal levels on day 5 and at postpartum. The CL values were highly correlated with their SC counts in milk from both groups. LF concentrations increased toward day 3 after B. breve-infusion and were higher in cows with mastitis. B. breve-infusion eliminated 16.6% (1/6) of pathogens from 6 quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis. B. breve-induced SC responses in quarters from 3 cows with mastitis showed characteristic patterns of recovery, persistent and new infections. B. breve-induced SC counts in quarters from the cows in the pre-drying off were lower (25.7–70.6%) than those of the cows in mid-lactation. The intrinsic innate immune response in cows on pre-drying off may be decreased and appears to be insufficient to eliminate pathogens from mammary gland in the pre-drying off.     

Assessing the efficacy and impact of management of an invasive species in a protected area: Poa annua on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island

Plant eradication is difficult, particularly in remote, protected areas. The Southern Ocean Islands are very isolated and highly protected, but the flora contains many alien plants. Small restricted populations have been eradicated, but eradication of established species has proven difficult. A better understanding of the efficacy of control methods at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and their off‐target impacts may increase eradication success. With interest in controlling non‐native Poa annua in the region, we aimed to determine if physical and chemical methods can control P. annua (the sub‐Antarctic biotype) in sub‐Antarctic conditions and examined their impact on native plants. We quantified the effectiveness of physical control methods on P. annua in situ on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island through field‐based experiments and assessed their selectivity on P. annua compared with native grasses. We also quantified the effectiveness of several herbicides on P. annua at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and assessed their selectivity on native grasses. Of the four physical disturbance methods tested, none effectively reduced P. annua cover as one‐off treatments. Of the herbicide treatments, glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron sodium were effective and were less damaging to native grass species, indicating potential selectivity. Physical control was of limited effectiveness, but did not affect native species richness. An integrated weed management programme utilising the strategic use of selective herbicides with follow‐up chemical and physical intervention may balance control and biodiversity outcomes. This research highlights the importance of site‐specific testing of control methods and understanding off‐target impacts of control when managing alien plant species in protected areas.     

山东半岛南部沿岸中国对虾放流数量对秋汛产量的影响

根据１９８３～１９９８年山东半岛南部沿海对虾放流增殖结果,对秋汛对虾产量与放流数量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明：秋汛对虾产量随放流数量的增加而增加,二者呈Ｙ＝３６３．７＋１２６．４Ｘ相关关系（ｒ＝０．９１８）。     

不同抗生素对生姜组织培养中姜芽脱菌效果的研究

以PDA和Plate Count Agar作为基本培养基,外加不同浓度配比抗菌素进行脱菌。结果表明：以PDA125 mL作为基本培养基外加1 g/L黄连素10 mL、1 g/L卡那霉素10 mL和外加1 g/L黄连素10 mL、1 g/L多菌灵10 mL,姜块脱菌试验染菌率为0,脱菌效果良好。以PDA125 mL作为基本培养基外加1 g/L青霉素10 mL、1 g/L卡那霉素10 mL,姜芽脱菌试验染菌率为0,脱菌效果良好,另外整个试验过程姜芽的脱菌效果均优于姜块的脱菌效果。     

激光平地改善土壤水盐分布并提高春小麦产量

为了促进激光平地技术的应用与推广,在河套灌区以普通畦田为对照,分期、分段测定了激光平地畦田0～80 cm土层土壤水分、土壤盐分及春小麦生长状况。结果表明,从渠口到畦尾,激光平地畦田不同地段的土壤水分在春小麦生长的不同时期无显著差异,但从拔节期开始,上层土壤盐分逐渐升高;普通畦田从三叶期开始,上层土壤水分、盐分逐渐提高,且显著或极显著高于激光平地。普通畦田从三叶期开始,激光平地从拔节期开始,从渠口到畦尾,春小麦的生长状况逐渐变差,千粒质量、产量均逐渐降低,但激光平地的春小麦千粒质量、产量高于普通畦田。激光平地改善了畦田的土壤水分、盐分分布,促进了畦田中后段的春小麦生长,提高了畦田中后段的水分利用率及产出率。     

丘陵山地姿态调整轮式拖拉机的设计与仿真

针对丘陵山地拖拉机作业环境复杂,对拖拉机的稳定性、通过性和地形适应性要求高的突出问题,设计了一种可进行姿态调平的丘陵山地拖拉机,主要由姿态调整后驱动桥、姿态调整前驱动桥、发动机及电液控制系统组成。姿态调整后,驱动桥设置有可独立回转摆动的轮边减速机构,实现了驱动桥刚性结构柔性调节。姿态调整前驱动桥可围绕拖拉机摇摆轴进行姿态调节。电液控制系统实时监测前、后驱动桥与地面间的坡度夹角变化,自动调节驱动桥的摆动姿态,始终使机身处于水平姿态,提高整机作业稳定性。     

丘陵山区农用自适应调平底盘设计与试验

丘陵山区地形复杂,地面凹凸不平,针对农用车辆行驶稳定性较差、车体倾斜等问题,提出一种自适应调平方法,并根据丘陵山区农用动力底盘作业要求,设计一种自适应调平悬架及应用该悬架的自适应调平底盘。建立虚拟样机三维模型,并导入动力学分析软件ADAMS中进行仿真分析,将底盘仿真过程中的侧倾角和俯仰角与四轮刚性底盘在同等条件下仿真得到的侧倾角和俯仰角对比,自适应调平底盘参考某种作业环境在幅值和波长特定的波形地面上行走作业时,侧倾角和俯仰角之和可降低60%左右。通过对样机土槽试验结果分析,证明自适应调平方法的可行性和仿真分析的正确性。