Changes in thyroid hormone levels in eggs and larvae and in iodide uptake by eggs of coho and chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutsch andO. tschawytscha

Developmental profiles of thyroxin (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃) and radioactive iodide uptake were established for eggs and T₄ and T₃ profiles were established for larvae (whole-body, yolk-only and body-only) of coho and chinook salmon. T₄ and T₃ were consistently present in all samples. In eggs, hormone levels remained fairly constant in all cohorst for at least the first three weeks of incubation, but then fluctuated in both directions in some sample groups. Large increases in T₄ (from 9 ng/g to 245 ng/g) were seen in 1985 chinook eggs 28 days after fertilization. Radioactive iodide uptake (which was used as a possible indicator of thyroxinogenesis) increased at least 10-fold in both 1986 coho and chinook eggs from 23–30 days after fertilization. T₄ (62 ng/g) and T₃ (393 ng/g) were found in the bodies of 28-day-old 1986 chinook embryos. In whole larvae, hormone levels varied depending upon the cohort studied. In general, initial body-only concentrations of both T₄ and T₃ decreased as body weight increased, but before yolksac resorption was completed, both thyroid hormone content and concentration increased (except for chinook T₃). T₄ and T₃ content in larval yolk stayed constant as yolksac size decreased, resulting in increased thyroid hormone concentration in the yolksac. All of these data suggest that the initial source of thyroid hormones in coho and chinook salmon eggs is maternal, but that by approximately 3–4 weeks after fertilization, the developing embryos begin to produce their own thyroid hormones. After hatching, increases in tissue T₄ and T₃ concentration coupled with constant T₄ and T₃ content in diminishing yolksacs suggest that larvae also produce their own thyroid hormones; yolksac content then may reflect both the original maternal hormones and the larva-producted hormones.     

Simultaneous Flow Cytometric Analysis of Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst Activity in Equine Leukocytes

This paper describes a method for simultaneously measuring phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in equine peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry. Opsonized propidium iodide-labelled Staphylococcus aureus (PI-Sa) was used to measure the uptake of bacteria by equine phacocytes and the oxidative burst activity by oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123. The requirements to achieve optimal activity of phagocytosis and oxidative burst are described. The advantage of the simultaneous technique is that it provides both independent and comparative values for phagocytosis and the oxidative burst, for the detection of impaired mechanisms of microbial destruction. Furthermore, the technique allows evaluation of opsonization activity in this context.     

在二氯甲烷溶液里碘化四丁铵对六氟合钼和六氟合钨的还原

在常温下，碘化四丁铵在二氯甲烷溶液里将六氟合钼和六氟合钨还原成ＭＦ－６（Ｍ＝Ｍ０或Ｗ）。它们的红外光谱表明，固体产物是由（Ｃ４Ｈ９）４Ｎ＋和ＭＦ－６组成；电子光谱也指出，在反应中有Ｉ２产生。进一步研究表明，在此条件下Ｍ０Ｆ－６没有被碘化四丁铵继续还原成Ｍ０Ｆ２－６。     

In vitro effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha on canine neutrophil apoptosis

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes: PMNs) are essential for the host defense against various infections and are often injurious to the host, causing inflammatory diseases where tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is suggested to play an important role. Since an effect of TNF-alpha on canine PMN apoptosis has not been studied, canine PMNs were stimulated with recombinant human (rh)TNF-alpha in the present study to investigate the effect of TNF-alpha on canine PMN apoptosis. PMN apoptosis and function to produce ROS were assessed by flow cytometry. Delayed apoptosis was observed in the PMNs treated with rhTNF-alpha at 100 ng/ml, accompanied by retention of capability to produce ROS. However, PMN apoptosis was accelerated by rhTNF-alpha combined with cycloheximide. Therefore, it is indicated that TNF-alpha is able to activate anti- and pro-apoptotic pathways in PMNs and that the inhibition of PMN apoptosis by TNF-alpha requires protein synthesis in the PMNs.     

Effects of thyroxine,cod liver oil and potassium iodide on growth and survival of juvenile seahorse,Hippocampus barbouri

Low survival at early stage is the bottleneck in seahorse aquaculture, particularly in the feeding aspect since newborn seahorses must feed immediately upon birth to sustain themselves. Seahorses are visual predator, therefore preferred live feed such as zooplankton. In aquaculture, the most common live feed used is Artemia. In this study, two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different Artemia enrichment on the growth and survival of newborn Hippocampus barbouri. In the first experiment, six treatments using Artemia enriched with Culture Selco Plus? (SELCO), thyroxine (T4), potassium iodide (KI), cod liver oil (CLO), cod liver oil in combination with thyroxine (CLO + T4) and potassium iodide (CLO+KI) were fed to newborn H. barbouri. Newly hatched Artemia were used as control. At the end of first experiment, treatments using CLO + T4 produced juvenile H. barbouri with the best (p < .05) wet weight (0.142 ± 0.000 g), while juvenile in treatment CLO+KI recorded the highest (p < .05) standard length (3.947 ± 0.014 cm). Subsequently, a second experiment was carried out using the two best enrichment (CLO + T4 and CLO + KI) from the first experiment, but given at different frequency (daily, twice a week, once a week, once in 2 weeks). Daily enrichment using both CLO + T4 and CLO + KI showed no significant (p > .05) difference in growth performance and survival of juvenile of H. barbouri. Interestingly, juvenile fed CLO + T4 enriched Artemia at frequency of twice a week also has no significant difference (p > .05) in survival and growth performance (except for final standard length) when compared with treatment CLO + T4 at daily frequency.     

小麦矮腥黑粉菌侵染小麦子房的激光共聚焦显微观察方法

本试验利用碘化丙啶(propidium iodide)和Alexa Flour 488(AF 488)标记的麦胚凝集素(WGA)分别对小麦子房细胞和小麦矮腥黑粉菌进行染色,结合激光共聚焦显微镜成像系统获取小麦子房的三维立体图像。该技术可获得清晰的小麦子房细胞图像,并观察小麦矮腥黑粉菌在小麦子房中的侵染状况。该方法将为研究病原菌在寄主体内的分布提供可参考依据。     

Oropharyngeal botryomycosis in a geriatric mare

Botryomycosis is an uncommon chronic bacterial infection that can have cutaneous and visceral involvement. This report describes an 18-year-old mixed-breed mare presented with dysphagia, dyspnoea and an upper respiratory noise that developed secondary to oropharyngeal botryomycosis. Histological examination of the mass showed a granulomatous formation with Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon surrounding Gram-positive bacteria. This report describes the clinical signs, approach and management of an oropharyngeal Staphylococcus aureus granuloma in a geriatric mare.     

α-三联噻吩对斜纹夜蛾SL细胞线粒体膜电位及细胞周期的影响#br#

【目的】研究α-三联噻吩（α-T）对斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）SL细胞线粒体膜电位及细胞周期的影响。【方法】通过Rhodamine123染色和流式细胞术（flow cytometry,FCM）研究α-T处理SL细胞24 h和48 h后细胞线粒体膜电位的变化,并通过PI染色和FCM,测定α-T处理SL细胞24 h和48 h后细胞周期各时相百分率的变化。【结果】光活化后的α-T处理SL细胞24 h后,0.0625 μg&#8226;mL-1浓度和0.1250 μg&#8226;mL-1浓度处理组细胞线粒体膜电位的变化幅度不大,而0.5000 μg&#8226;mL-1浓度处理组细胞线粒体膜电位明显升高,48 h后高浓度处理组（1.0000 μg&#8226;mL-1）导致线粒体膜电位明显去极化;处理24 h后,低浓度（0.0625 μg&#8226;mL-1）处理组细胞被阻滞于S期,而高于此浓度的光照处理组细胞被阻滞于G2/M期,48 h后,浓度≤0.1250 μg&#8226;mL-1的光照处理细胞被阻滞于G2/M期,而浓度＞0.1250 μg&#8226;mL-1的光照处理组细胞被阻滞于S期。【结论】SL细胞经α-T处理后,细胞处于一系列复杂的动态变化中。当细胞本身不能扭转ROS造成的氧化损伤时,细胞线粒体膜电位和细胞周期时相即出现较大幅度的变化,这种变化决定着细胞的受损程度和细胞的死亡途径。     

具有潜在生物活性的苯并含氮杂环-嘧啶类衍生物的合成

4种苯并含氮杂环化合物分别与氯乙酰氯反应，得到相应的N-氯乙酰取代的衍生物，在相转移催化剂四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)的作用下，经亲核取代反应，4种N-氯乙酰取代的苯并含氮杂环化合物通过醚键的形成被引入嘧啶结构，合成了7个新嘧啶类化合物，并经过MS，IR，^1H，^13CNMR和元素分析得到确认。     

茶碱PVC膜选择性电极的研究

In this Paper, PVC membrane Selective clectrodes are prepared for theophylline which are based on its ion-pair complexes with hexadecylt- rioctylammonium iodide (HTOA) , hexadecyltributyl-ammonium iodide (HTBA), hexadeeyltriophenylphosphonium iodide(HTPP), triphenyloctylphosphonium leoide(TPOP) and tri(p-tolyl) butylphosphonium iodide(TPTBP).The effects of the nature of associate counterions, the plastieizers and their concentrations in the membrane phase have been studied. The electrode based on theophylline-HTOA membrane has a sub-Nernstian response range from 2.0×10~2—6.3×10~(-5)mol/L,with an average slope of 48.0mV/pC. The limit of detection is 8.7×10~(-6)mol/L. The electrode responses were not affected by pH in the range 10-12. The potentiometric selectivity coefficients of various common inorganic and organic ions including those which are similar to theophylline in structure were determined. The Na_2CO_3-Na_2B_4O_7 buffer of pH 11 is selected as the background solution for potentiometric measurements. The electrode was used for determining the theophylline in pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory results.