高CO2气调储藏对大米食用品质调控效应的研究

以W45号大米为试材,定量控制储藏环境中的O2和CO2浓度,研究10℃和30℃条件下,高浓度CO2储藏6个月对大米不溶性直链淀粉含量及蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:在低温10℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2可有效抑制大米不溶性直链淀粉含量的增加,CO2浓度作用效果20%10%2%,其中20%CO2气调储藏大米的不溶性直链淀粉含量与初始值相比仅增加了9.39%,显著低于对照(不充气处理);在高温30℃、O2浓度8%条件下,高浓度CO2调控大米不溶性直链淀粉的效应不显著;在10℃、30℃温度储藏条件下,高CO2处理均可显著提高大米的蒸煮品质,抑制大米的加热吸水率,增加米汤可溶性固形物含量,CO2浓度越高效果越明显,其中20%CO2处理在10℃条件下加热吸水率比对照下降了12.71%,米汤可溶性固形物含量比对照增加了24.56%。     

A型肉毒毒素Hc基因的原核表达、纯化及单抗的制备

在大肠埃希茵中高效表达的重组A型肉毒毒素保护性抗原,是以包涵体形式存在.溶解后的包涵体溶液经过处理,用镍柱亲和层析法纯化,得到纯度约为90%的融合蛋白.利用纯化的重组抗原BoNTa免疫Balb/c小鼠,获得分泌抗BoNTa特异性的3株杂交瘤细胞株2A2、4F7和2A8,其单抗鉴定均为IgG1亚型,滴度达到1:105.高纯度和活性单抗的获得为毒素检测试剂盒的研究奠定了基础.     

北枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维的制备及其性能特性研究(英文)

对枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的化学法提取工艺、双氧水脱色工艺进行了研究,并对产品的营养成分和功能性质进行分析。通过单因素及正交试验确定最佳的化学法提取工艺为:以液料比为8∶1(mL∶g)、浓度为1.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,在20℃条件下处理40min后过滤,冲洗至中性,然后取滤渣转移至液料比为6∶1(mL∶g)、pH值2的硫酸溶液中,60℃下作用60min,冲洗至中性,干燥。不溶性膳食纤维的提取率为74.02%,质量分数由果渣中的62.62%(干基计)提高到84.97%;双氧水脱色的最佳工艺条件为:5%H2O2、pH值12、45℃、5h,在此条件下不溶性膳食纤维的白度由51.63%增加到60.21%;制备的膳食纤维产品的持水力由果渣中2.4g/g增加到4.3g/g、持油率由2.3mL/g增加到3.9mL/g、结合水力由2.6g/g增加到4.7g/g、膨胀力由2.8mL/g增加到4.6mL/g。     

降低浓缩果汁中不溶物含量的技术研究与产业应用

果汁加工过程中,为延长超滤有效运行时间,以富士苹果、秦冠苹果为材料,研究了酶解工序中使用复合纤维素酶对超滤通量和有效运行时间的影响,并进行了产业化应用。结果表明:添加复合纤维素酶,降低了酶解罐和超滤潴留罐中不溶物的含量,提高了超滤通量,延长了超滤运行时间,且对浓缩苹果汁的可溶性固形物含量、色值、浊度等品质指标没有影响;复合纤维素酶适宜的添加量为30~100mL/t;经过产业化应用发现,采用该技术,加工成熟度较大的苹果,超滤运行时间从13~16h延长到20~24h,超滤每周期有效运行时间提高45%以上,且平均通量比正常工艺提高10%以上。     

Comparison of acid-detergent lignin,alkaline-peroxide lignin,and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibilily by caltie offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition

Background： The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA）, alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL）, and acid-detergent lignin （ADL） to predict fecal output （FO） and dry matter digestibility （DMD） by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon （L） Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 ± 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets： low （L）, medium low （ML）, medium high （MH）, and high （H） crude protein （CP） concentration （79, 111,131, and 164 g CP/kg on a DM basis, respectively）. Diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g DM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual DM intake （DMI）, DMD, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for ADL, APL, and ADIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and DMD. Results： Forage DMI was affected by diet （P = 0.02）, and DMI from MH and H was greater （P 〈 0.05） than from L. Apparent DMD tended （P = 0.08） to differ among diets while FO （P = 0.20） was not affected by diet treatments. Average ADL recovery （1.16） was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of ADIA （1.03） and APL （1.06）, but ADIA and APL did not differ （P = 0.42）. Estimates of FO and DMD derived using APL and ADIA were not different （P≥0.05） from total fecal collection while those using ADL differed （P 〈 0.05）. There was no diet by marker interaction （P≥ 0.22） for either FO or DMD. Conclusion： Acid-detergent insoluble ash and APL accurately predicted FO and DMD of cattle fed bermudagrass hay of varying nutrient composition. These internal markers may facilitate studies involving large numbers of animals and forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improve     

响应面法优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以残次哈密大枣为原料,采用酶重量法提取不溶性膳食纤维,在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,以不溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,设计三因素三水平响应面分析试验,优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺参数,同时建立并分析各个因素与对应变量的数学模型。结果表明,提取残次枣不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量0.5%,中性蛋白酶添加量0.6%,液料比27∶1,酶解温度50℃,酶解40 min。在此条件下,残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维得率可达13.04%。     

不溶性草酸氧化酶的包埋及草酸快速检测方法研究

通过研究不溶性草酸氧化酶包埋方法和草酸快速检测方法,建立氧电极法测定草酸的便捷体系。以大麦麸皮为原料制备不溶性草酸氧化酶,采用5%的琼脂糖包埋,检测包埋酶的稳定性和抗离子干扰能力;以包埋酶为工具酶,通过氧电极法检测草酸含量。试验结果表明:包埋酶连续反应2 h酶活性下降低于5%,贮存30 d活性下降低于8%;草酸检测线性范围0.1～0.8mmol/L,外标法草酸回收率为83%～97%。用氧电极法与显色法测定小麦草酸含量,两种方法的测定值无显著性差异。但氧电极法测定耗时短,反应体系简单,易于推广应用。     

不溶性胞壁结合酚类物质在棉花对枯萎病抗性中的作用

分析了枯萎病菌侵染后棉花叶片和根茎部组织中不溶性胞壁结合酚类物质 (胞壁结合的简单酚、复杂酚聚合物及黄酮醇 )含量的变化。结果表明 ,抗病品种棉苗中不溶性胞壁结合酚类物质含量高于感病品种 ,同一品种内根茎部组织中含量较高 ;氟乐灵播前土壤处理可诱发棉苗产生对枯萎病的诱导抗性 ,同时也促进了棉苗组织中不溶性胞壁结合酚类物质的积累 ;枯萎病菌侵染后棉苗组织中不溶性胞壁结合酚类物质含量明显增加 ,抗病品种棉苗和经氟乐灵处理的棉苗受侵后不溶性胞壁结合酚类物质含量的增加分别大于感病品种棉苗和未经氟乐灵处理棉苗中的增加水平。这些结果说明 ,不溶性胞壁结合酚类物质在棉花对枯萎病的抗性及由氟乐灵诱发的诱导抗性中起作用     

Soil organic carbon and phosphorus availability regulate abundance of culturable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in paddy fields

Low availability of phosphorus(P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production, as P is mostly present in its insoluble form in soil. Therefore,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB) from paddy field soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, India were isolated, and their abundance was attempted to be correlated with the physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Ninety-four PSB were isolated on Pikovskaya's agar medium, and quantitative phosphate solubilization was evaluated using NBRIP medium. The isolates solubilized P up to a concentration of 1 006 μg mL~(-1) from tricalcium phosphate with the secretion of organic acids. These isolates were identified by 16 S rRNA gene sequence comparison, and they belonged to Gammaproteobacteria(56 isolates),Firmicutes(28 isolates), Actinobacteria(8 isolates), and Alphaproteobacteria(2 isolates). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identification by clustering the isolates in the clade of the respective reference organisms. The correlation analysis between PSB abundance and physicochemical characteristics revealed that the PSB population increased with increasing levels of soil organic carbon, insoluble P, K~+, and Mg~(2+). The promising PSB explored in this study can be further evaluated for their biofertilizer potential in the field and for their use as potent bio-inoculants.     

部分新疆杏品种水不溶性固形物含量的测定

水不溶性固形物含量是杏干制备的一项重要指标。以14个华北杏为对照,研究了33个新疆杏品种的水不溶性固形物含量。结果表明,两大品种群的杏水不溶性固形物含量在总体上差异不明显,水不溶性固形物含量在品种间有明显差异。在新疆杏中,赛来克佳娜丽、卡巴克胡安娜、托户地库都、卡巴克西米西的水不溶性固形物含量均高于是2.5%,是比较理想的制干品种。不同成熟期的杏水不溶性固形物含量存在显著差异,研究表明从中熟品种群中选择高水不溶性固形物含量的品种最为有效。另外,采摘期也明显影响水不溶性固形物含量,制备杏干宜在八成熟时采摘。