Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and phosphorus uptake of mung bean plants fertilized with composted rock phosphate fed dung in alkaline soil environment

Abstract

Inoculation effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on phosphorus (P) transfer from composted dung of cattle with a diet supplemented with powdered rock phosphate (RP) and their successive uptake by mung bean plants was assessed in alkaline soil. The efficacy of composted RP fed dung alone or/and in combination with AMF inoculums containing six different species were compared with SSP in six replicates per treatment in pots. The results showed that the association of AMF with composted RP fed dung had a positive effect on mung bean shoot (3.04?g) and root (2.62?g) biomass, chlorophyll (a, b), carotenoid contents and N (58.38?mg plant^?1) and P (4.61?mg plant^?1) uptake. Similarly, the percent roots colonization (56%) and nodulation of mung bean plant roots and their post-harvest soil properties were also improved by the inoculation of AMF together with composted RP fed dung. It is concluded that the combined application of AMF with composted RP fed dung has almost the same effect as SSP for improving mung bean plants growth and their nutrients uptake. Moreover, AMF inoculants can be used as a suitable biofertilizer in combination with locally available organic sources of fertilizers for improving P status and growth of plants in alkaline soils.     

三种接种材料对草菇生长及产量的影响

为研究不同接种材料及配比对草菇生长和产量的影响,以草菇为试材,采用正交试验设计,在高温条件下,研究接种底料、播种量、栽培料量及出菇处理对草菇产量的影响。结果表明:处理木薯酒精渣作接种材料,播种量8%时产量最高为2 620.53g;并且采用木薯酒精渣做接种材料可以使经济效益达到最高,投资回报率可以达到548.48%。     

不同花生根瘤菌菌剂对花生生长的影响

在黄冈市红安县永河镇及黄州区战胜村两地同时对花生进行了几种不同花生根瘤菌菌剂的接种试验,结果表明,经人工所配制的不同花生根瘤菌菌剂对花生的生长态势、结荚数、饱果率、花朵数、下针数以及有效结瘤数等诸多性状都有明显的促进作用,最终表现出增产、增收,各处理的生长态势及增产幅度为肥土1号＞肥土2号＞肥土3号＞液体＞草木灰＞对照(CK).     

餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化接种物的驯化研究

研究不同投料方式对餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化接种物产气活性的影响，探求餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化接种物的最佳驯化方法。在55℃条件下，采用不同方式对厌氧污泥进行驯化作为餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化的接种物，观察了驯化前后污泥中微生物菌群的形态结构，考察了驯化过程中污泥pH值和VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)浓度的变化，并且比较了驯化后污泥的产气活性，结果表明：污泥经过添加一定量的餐厨垃圾驯化培养后，其微生物菌群形态由球形演变为单一的杆状菌体，且分布较分散，产气活性也有所提高，其中每日投加餐厨垃圾2.5 g(污泥质量的0.5％)，驯化2     

披碱草根际促生菌筛选及其接种剂的促生作用

【目的】体外促生能力是衡量微生物菌株作用的一个重要指标,测定获取的植物根际促生菌并明确其对披碱草的促生效果,可为其在生产中的应用提供依据。【方法】2014年9月从西藏阿里地区采集披碱草根系及根际土壤,以常规方法分离出其中的溶磷菌、 固氮菌和分泌3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)细菌的10株菌株。测定其溶磷量、 固氮酶活性及分泌生长素能力,并将其制成植物根际接种剂,测定接种剂对披碱草生长的影响及其在根际的定殖能力。【结果】菌株PWXZ10溶磷能力较好,达40.89 mg/L; 菌株003PWXZ6固氮酶活性较强,达421.21 nmol/(mL·h); 菌株NXP17分泌生长素能力较强,达31.33 μg/mL。与对照菌株(Pseudomonas sp. Jm92)相比,菌株003PWXZ6和NXP17制备的接种剂可显著增加披碱草株高、 地上生物量和地下生物量(P0.05),但两者之间差异不显著(P0.05); 接种剂003PWXZ6对披碱草根总长、 根表面积、 根体积、 根直径、 含磷量、 含氮量和粗蛋白含量增加显著(P0.05),分别较对照菌株(Pseudomonas sp. Jm92)增加了330%、 199%、 118%、 187%、 70%、 15%和19%,并且该菌株在根际定殖能力很强。 【结论】植物根际促生菌003PWXZ6和NXP17对披碱草具有良好促生效果,可为开发经济环保的生物肥料提供了菌种资源。     

Effect of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chroococcum on germination and early growth of hopbush shrub (Dodonaea viscosa L.) under salinity stress

Reduced physiological efficiency as well as low and irregular germination rate under environmental stress conditions (e.g., salinity) are among the major factors affecting the propagation of numerous plants, in particular medicinal ones. A factorial experiment using a completely randomized design was employed to evaluate the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on hopbush seed germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. After the seeds were inoculated with the Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Azospirillum + Azotobacter and exposed to salinity stress at six levels, they were placed into a germinator at 20°C temperature and 65% relative humidity with a photoperiodic regime of 16 h light/8 h dark at 1,000 lux fluorescent light. The seeds inoculated with the bacterial strains could tolerate salinity levels of up to 50 dS/m and germinate. The combined treatment of Azospirillum + Azotobacter increased germination percentage at 20 and 50 dS/m levels by 21.67 and 10%, respectively. Also, A. chroococcum at 15 and 20 dS/m and Azospirillum + Azotobacter at 50 dS/m stress levels increased germination rate by 88, 316, and 155%, respectively, compared with the control. Furthermore, plant growth parameters—e.g., root and stem length, root and stem dry and fresh weights, as well as the ratios of root length and weight to the stem counterparts—were considerably enhanced by Azotobacter chroococcum treatment under elevated salinity stress (15 and 20 dS/m), relative to the control. Inoculation with A. chroococcum more favorably affected on and was also more compatible with Dodonaea viscosa seedlings leading to considerably improved seedlings growth parameters as well as seed germination under salinity stress.     

溶磷复合菌剂筛选及其对山核桃幼苗的生物学效应

为探究不同溶磷复合菌剂对山核桃幼苗生物学效应的影响,本研究从山核桃根际土壤中分离获得3株溶磷菌:果胶杆菌Pectobacterium cypripedii(R7)、伯克霍尔德氏菌Burkholderia sp.(R8)、肠杆菌Enterobacter sp.(R9)和4株自生固氮菌株:解聚糖类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus glycanilyticus(G2)、葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sp.(G3)、假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.(G4)、芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.(G5),分别组合筛选出4种复合菌剂(R7G5、R8G4、R8G5、R9G4),并以蒸馏水为对照(CK),将其接种于山核桃幼苗的土壤中,通过测定接种处理后幼苗各项生长和生理指标,评价复合菌株对山核桃幼苗的作用效果。结果显示,R9G4和R8G5复合菌剂在蒙金娜无磷培养基(PVK)连续培养5 d后溶磷量显著高于其他组合。所有复合菌剂对山核桃幼苗均有促生作用;其中R8G5复合菌剂比其他复合菌的总体促生效果更为明显,施用后山核桃幼苗的根长、根面积、总生物量、全磷含量和可溶性糖含量较CK分别增加了105.53%、89.07%、52.94%、55.23%和91.99%;而施用R9G4复合菌剂后山核桃幼苗净光合速率(Pn)和全磷含量的提升效果最佳,较CK分别增加了79.47%和58.16%。本研究结果为进一步研制山核桃苗期促生菌剂提供了理论依据。     

接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

通过田间试验研究接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质以及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,除可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量、植株磷含量和吸收量以外,施肥处理各项指标均优于对照。与单施化肥处理相比,化肥配施玉米秸秆直接还田导致玉米产量、农艺性状、品质和植株氮素与钾素含量下降,但接种菌剂能够改善农艺性状,降低减产幅度,而且能够改善玉米籽品质,提高植株氮素与钾素养分含量及吸收量。不同菌剂处理间以FSB2农艺性状较好,而品质和植株养分无明显差异。另外,化肥配施玉米秸秆直接还田能够增强土壤酶活性、提高土壤养分有效性,接种菌剂时效果更佳,在土壤养分方面以FSB2效果较好,而土壤酶无明显差异。说明接种降解菌剂有利于提高秸秆还田效果。     

高效NMF菌群对性冷牛粪的快速腐熟作用研究

采用添加高效腐熟菌剂NMF菌群进行奶牛粪便的腐熟试验。结果表明,接种NMF菌剂的奶牛粪便在25 d内可以达到腐熟标准,氮磷钾总养分和腐植酸分别比不接菌处理提高18%和45%。NMF菌剂可以通过改变微生物区系、增加纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶活性等途径加快腐熟速度,促进腐熟程度。     

三种催腐菌剂对草屑催化腐熟的影响

研究了不同菌剂及不同菌剂浓度处理对高羊茅草坪剪草堆肥的催化腐熟效果。结果表明:接种菌剂A时,菌剂量与原料的比为0.2:1000,堆肥的感官变化和生物降解度最明显,堆肥的腐熟效果最好。接种菌剂B时,菌剂量与原料的比为0.4:1000,堆肥的温度变化和生物降解度最明显,堆肥的腐熟效果最好。接种菌剂C时,菌剂量与原料的比为0.025:1000,堆肥的感官变化和生物降解度最明显,堆肥的腐熟效果最好。在3种菌剂中,菌剂C的菌剂量与原料的比为0.025:1000时,堆肥的腐熟效果比菌剂A和菌剂B都好。