Restoration of Gypsicolous Vegetation on Quarry Slopes: Guidance for Hydroseeding under Contrasting Inclination and Aspect

The establishment of gypsicolous vegetation of high conservation value on land impacted by quarrying requires restoration measures to overcome constraints imposed by the new landforms created in the process. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of three standard hydroseeding methods to restore gypsicolous vegetation on quarry spoil slopes under a dry Mediterranean climate. The treatments were as follows: paper cellulose mulch, paper cellulose mulch + organic blanket, and wood fibre mulch, compared against a control. These treatments were tested on two slopes (10–15% vs 60–65%) and two contrasting aspects (north vs south). We evaluated the cover of all plant species 2·8 years after treatment, assessing both target gypsicolous species and non‐target species. Our results showed strong compositional and cover differences between hydroseeded and control plots. Control plots had a low cover of target species with a vegetation composed of early‐successional species that had the potential to hinder target species establishment over time. All hydroseeding treatments improved target vegetation cover, with wood fibre performing best in most situations studied here, alternatives being the cheaper but less effective paper mulch on shallow slopes, or the more expensive paper mulch + blanket on steep slopes in case of high erosion risk. Shallow and southern‐steep slopes were more suitable for the recovery of gypsum vegetation by hydroseeding, compared to northern‐steep slopes where non‐target species developed more readily outcompeting target species. These results will help to guide management decisions to restore gypsicolous vegetation by hydroseeding in disturbed gypsum habitats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative study of the capacity of germination and of adhesion of various hydrocolloids used for revegetalization by hydroseeding

In order to optimize the revegetalization of damaged natural sites, it is sometimes necessary to employ hydroseeding techniques which use colloidal compounds in order to favour the creation of a vegetative cover. To facilitate the choice of the colloids to be used, we have tested the capacity of adhesion and germination of herbaceous seeds mixed with colloidal compounds belonging to diverse chemical families in both the laboratory and outdoor conditions. Three commonly used species of herbaceous seeds usually found in the revegetalization mixture were used for the tests. Most of the compounds tested showed positive action. With the laboratory experiments, the alginates were most effective in improving germination and adhesion. With the outdoor experiments, the cellulosis compounds proved to be the most effective for seeds adhesion, germination and to prevent erosion. An empirical mathematical relationship was proposed between the viscosity of the solution and the capacity of adhesion. The suggested tests are simple and may help in the choice of the most suitable colloids for the revegetalization process. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

坡面液压喷播快速强制绿化的效益分析

该文以技术合理性为基础、生态效益为前提、经济效益为中心建立了坡面液压喷播效益分析评价体系 ,并分析计算了深圳市坡面液压喷播绿化的综合效益 .计算结果表明其综合效益十分显著 ,可以在全国大范围推广 .     

坡面液压喷播绿化草种及组合的筛选

根据立地条件和生物学特性 ,选择狗牙根 (Cynodondactylon)、百喜草 (Paspalumnotatum)和弯叶画眉草(Eragrostiscurvula)在深圳市赤红壤阳坡上单独或按不同比例混合喷建了 8种不同类型草坪 ,系统地研究了它们的生态、社会和经济效益 ,并采用层次分析 (AHP)结构模型对不同草坪进行综合评价 .筛选出了本立地类型的适宜草种和优化草种组合 .结果表明 :弯叶画眉草、百喜草是本立地类型建坪的理想草种 ;在立地条件差的陡坡上 ,混喷草坪的综合功能明显比单喷草坪好 .     

喷播绿化技术在成绵高速公路的应用

介绍了喷播绿化技术在成都———绵阳高速公路上的应用情况 ,并对其在施工中的重要环节进行了阐述。     

Restoring Limestone Quarries: Hayseed,Commercial Seed Mixture or Spontaneous Succession?

The main goal of quarry restoration is to convert degraded, unproductive areas into new, self‐sustaining ecosystems that develop into highly natural environments. With the aim to individuate the best practices for restoring limestone quarries, we investigated the short‐term effects on vegetation features and economic advantages of three restoration approaches. These approaches included tree and shrub planting, no herb layer, or a commercial seed mixture or hayseed. The different approaches were tested in a limestone quarry within the Botticino extractive basin (N‐Italy). A donor grassland area of hayseed and a quarry area that had undergone spontaneous revegetation over a decade were used as control areas. We surveyed the vegetation plots to investigate the structure and the productivity of the herbaceous layers; collecting data on plant species cover, the mean plant height, the tree and shrubs mortality and biomass enabled us to perform gradient analysis. The main differences between the sites were due to biotic factors; specifically, vegetation cover was affected quite differently by the different restoration approaches. Restoration with commercial seed mixture resulted primarily in dense stands of Lolium perenne that caused an increase in shrub and tree mortality. Cost–benefit analysis showed that despite hayseed being the most expensive approach in terms of cost and time, it ensured higher species diversity, vegetation structure and greening. Our results highlighted that autochthonous plant materials can improve excavation‐areas restoration by both contrasting the colonisation of non‐native species and increasing natural regeneration and biodiversity levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水力喷播技术引进及试验研究

介绍了水力喷播技术和水力喷播机,以及喷播辅料国产化的试验研究成果,并对水力喷播技术在中国的应用前景做了展望。     

崩塌地喷植基材不同配方对种子发芽的影响

本研究采取不同比例的波特兰水泥、壤质砂土、菇类堆肥,以及对照组100％菇类堆肥配方,共13组试验配方,于各基材配方中分别添加多花黑麦草及相思树等种子进行室内发芽试验,探讨不同比例的基材配方对于植物种子发芽的影响,为喷植工法资材应用效益提供佐证与参据。试验结果表明,各试验配方多花黑麦草种子发芽率仍达85％以上,显示植物种子发芽受水泥比例影响不显著;团粒湿筛稳定分析及保水力中比较,以菇类堆肥90％＋壤质砂土10％＋水泥7％配方的抗冲蚀性和28d加水后含水量为最高,为各试验配方中最佳,发芽率亦达90％以上,对于植物种子发芽均能达到较佳效果。     

液压喷播在黄土地区边坡植被建植中的应用研究

液压喷播技术是从国外引进的边坡快速绿化播种工程技术，目前在我国南方得到大规模应用，但在水土流失较为严重的黄土地区应用效果不理想。为解决黄土地区喷播植被群落建设问题，开展了微环境改良技术（土壤改良、覆盖改良）、植物选择与配比、边坡坡向等不同处理措施对植被建植的影响研究。结果表明：边坡开挖水平阶截持水分量是未处理的1．75倍，初始植株保存数量较未处理高82．5％；覆盖稻草与遮光网下的截持水量是覆盖无纺布的1．14倍与1．71倍，最高，遮光网与无纺布覆盖下初始植株保存数量分别为麦草覆盖下的43％与52％；麦草比无纺布覆盖下植被盖度高5％～23．7％；柠条＋外来草种与唐古特白刺＋本地草种当年生长季末盖度可分别达到59％和56．5％，第2年为52．5％和77．5％。研究指出，黄土地区边坡土壤可蚀性强，喷播层易于流失，干旱、盐碱性突出等因素是造成喷播植被难以建成的主要原因，进行微环境改良、选择乡土灌木＋乡土草种组合可以成功建植液压喷播植被，实现持续效果。     

液力植草喷播设备及其发展趋势

通常采用人工种植、铺设草皮、植生带、扦插藤本等 ,效率低、费用大、均匀度差 ,原则上应采用机械播种。喷播植草 (水利喷播 )是一种全面有效的新技术 ;是植草技术的一次革命 ,发达国家已广泛采用 ;而喷播植草技术的核心 ,则是具有良好使用性能的喷播设备。通过了解国内外喷播机的现状及其技术特点的同时对山东省交通科学研究所研制的具有 90年代先进水平的JQ系列喷播设备的技术性能、技术难点进行了分析 ;讨论了植草喷播设备的推广应用前景及发展趋势。