毛栓菌27-1漆酶对酚酸类化合物降解的效能分析

探究毛栓菌27-1漆酶对酚酸类化合物的降解效能,为竹林地酚酸类自毒物质降解提供依据。采用超高效液相色谱检测法,通过测定菌液处理后酚酸含量变化,研究毛栓菌27-1漆酶对10种酚酸类化合物的降解特性。结果表明,毛栓菌27-1漆酶能完全降解酚酸类化合物中的香草酸、咖啡酸和芥子酸;丁香酸、阿魏酸和龙胆酸的降解效果一般,降解率50%左右;原儿茶酸的降解效果较差,降解率达35%;不能降解香豆酸、对羟基苯甲酸和绿原酸。研究不同条件下毛栓菌27-1漆酶降解酚酸类化合物丁香酸的效能,发现在pH 5、温度30℃、丁香酸初始浓度小于100 mg/L时,菌株对丁香酸具有高效降解能力,ABTS溶液作为介体物质加入降解体系后降解效果更好,在浓度为0.5 mmol/L时,降解率可达到100%。毛栓菌27-1产生的漆酶对酚酸类化合物具有良好降解效能。     

不同水分和土壤处理对糙毛以礼草苗期根系构型和根鞘形成的影响

为了探究水分和土壤对糙毛以礼草苗期根系构型和根鞘形成的影响,采用未灭菌和灭菌的沙土培养糙毛以礼草,分别设置田间持水量的10%、20%、30%、40%和50%水分梯度,测定不同水分和土壤处理条件下糙毛以礼草的根系构型参数和根鞘重,结果表明:1)在未灭菌土壤培养条件下,糙毛以礼草苗期的根系与土壤微生物互利共生,高水分显著影响了根系交叉数和分支数的增加(P<0.05);土壤灭菌培养条件下,这种关系遭到破坏,根系总根体积在40%~50%水分梯度下显著高于其他水分梯度(P<0.05),平均直径在40%水分梯度下最高(P<0.05),分支数在20%和50%水分梯度最高(P<0.05),链接数和根尖数在20%~50%水分梯度下显著增大(P<0.05),总根表面积在50%水分梯度下最高(P<0.05)。土壤灭菌后,微生物群体变化,土壤灭菌培养条件下的根系形态指标较未灭菌土壤培养条件下增大(P<0.05),分别为:20%水分梯度下的根系总根长和分支数,20%~50%水分梯度下的根系链接数和根尖数,40%水分梯度下的根系总根表面积和平均直径,40%~50%水分梯度下的根系总根体积。2)不同水分和土壤处理下糙毛以礼草苗期根系拓扑指数接近于1,根系分支模式接近鱼尾形分支,更适宜在地下资源贫瘠的环境中生长。在20%和30%水分条件下,糙毛以礼草保持了很好的根系构型,修正拓扑指数(q_b)和分形维数(FD)显著高于其他水分梯度(P<0.05)。糙毛以礼草苗期根系初生根和次生根生长过程中生物量分配的不同影响了根系在土壤中的功能,根系在土壤中的伸长拓展(总根长、总根表面积、链接数和分支数)大于固定渗透(平均根系直径)对根系构型的影响。3)水分和土壤处理对根鞘的形成无交互影响(P>0.05),糙毛以礼草苗期根鞘形成的影响因素为:水分>土壤>FD>q_b>根系固定渗透能力。随着田间持水量的升高,糙毛以礼草根鞘重呈现先增后减的趋势,未灭菌土壤和灭菌土壤中的根鞘重分别在20%~30%、30%水分梯度时最大,q_b、FD和根系固定渗透能力显著正向影响根鞘(P<0.05)。     

寒兰根内生真菌诱导子对白芨种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

真菌诱导子可在一定程度上提高植物次生代谢物的积累,而白芨是一种具有极高经济价值和药用价值的药材.本文从野生寒兰的根中培养分离得到23种内生真菌,再制成真菌诱导子添加到自制的液体培养基中,将白芨种子放入该液体培养基进行无菌震荡培养,以研究真菌诱导子对白芨种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,15号真菌诱导子能显著缩短白芨种...     

Anatomical changes in the cell-wall structure of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit as caused by the decay fungi Trametes versicolor and Trametes hirsuta

The structural changes in the cell wall and delignification pattern caused by Trametes versicolor and Trametes hirsuta in the sap wood of Leucaena leucocephala were examined by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The in vitro decay test was conducted for 12 weeks. Both species of Trametes used in this study caused anatomical characteristics specific to simultaneous white rot. Formation of boreholes, erosion troughs, erosion channels with U-shaped notches in tangential sections and thinning of cell walls were evident in the wood inoculated with each of the fungal species. Cell separation due to removal of middle lamellae occurred at the early stages of infection (30 d) with T. versicolor. In contrast, middle lamellae remained intact in wood inoculated with T. hirsuta and showed cell separation due to degradation of the outer layer of the secondary wall and degradation of the middle lamellae observed only in severely decayed wood at late stages. Confocal microscopy revealed the delignification pattern particularly from cell corners and vessel walls at an advanced stage of decay, indicating strong ligninolytic activity of both species in the sapwood of L. leucocephala.     

不同产区碎米荠nrDNA ITS序列分析及亲缘关系鉴定

堇叶碎米荠、壶瓶碎米荠与恩施碎米荠存在命名混乱的现象,从植株外部形态来看难以区分。为研究其亲缘关系,分别从4个有代表性的地点采集不同的居群,进行核糖体基因(nr DNA)的内转录间隔区(ITS)序列比较分析,并构建其系统发育树。结果表明,所有4份材料ITS序列全长均为709 bp,其中来自宜昌长阳和五峰的材料碱基序列完全一致,与来自恩施和壶瓶的序列相比,分别有两个碱基位点不同,4个群体的碎米荠(Cardamine hirsuta L.)可以聚为一支,居群之间的遗传距离很近,为0~0.003,这种差异未超过一个种范围内的变异,初步证明4个不同产地的碎米荠为同一个种,归为堇叶碎米荠。     

华山新麦草同高加索鹅观草和糙毛仲彬草间物种生物学研究

进行了华山新麦草和高加索鹅观草、糙毛仲彬草属间杂交，通过组织培养，成功地获得了它们间的杂种。杂种生长旺盛，形态上偏向母本。高加索鹅观草×华山新麦草及糙毛仲彬草×华山新麦草杂种Ｆ＿１染色体配对构型分别为：１７．０９Ｉ＋１．９４ＩＩ＋０．０１４ＩＩＩ，２３．５８９Ｉ＋２．１７０ＩＩ＋０．０２４ＩＩＩ。后期Ｉ均出现多极分裂。两个组合染色体配对结果表明，华山新麦草的Ｎ￣ｈ染色体组，同高加索鹅观草的Ｓ和Ｙ及糙毛仲彬草的Ｓ、Ｙ和Ｐ染色体组间存在很小的部分同源性，它们间的亲缘关系甚远。     

Nitrogen Fixation,Soil Nitrogen Availability,and Biomass in Pure and Mixed Plantations of Alder and Pine in Central Korea

ABSTRACT

Rates of nitrogen (N) fixation, soil N availability, and aboveground biomass were measured in 27-year-old pure and mixed Alnus hirsuta and Pinus koraiensis plantations in central Korea. Nodule biomass and N fixation were 179.3 kg ha^{? 1} and 46.6 kg ha^{? 1}yr^{? 1} for the pure A. hirsuta plantation (PA) and 95.2 kg ha^{? 1} and 41.1 kg ha^{? 1}yr^{? 1} for the mixed A. hirsuta + P. koraiensis plantation (MAP), respectively. A. hirsuta seemed to provide more than two thirds of annual N requirement for P. koraiensis.Rates of acetylene reduction were significantly related to soil temperature (R² = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not to soil moisture content. Total inorganic N [ammonium (NH₄ ⁺)plus nitrate (NO₃ ^?)] availability measured using ion exchange bags were significantly higher under PA (27.91 μ g-N bag^{? 1}) and MAP (31.34 μ g-N bag^{? 1}) than under the pure P. koraiensis plantation (PP) (14.31 μ g-N bag^{? 1}). Especially soils under the influence of A. hirsuta showed at least 2 fold increase in resin total inorganic N concentrations. Total aboveground biomass (Mg ha^{? 1}) was 147.3 for PA, 145.8 for MAP, and 174.8 for PP, respectively, and was not significantly different among plantations. A. hirsuta significantly increased soil N availability; however, the influence of N fixation on aboveground biomass was not significant for the study plantations.     

毛赤杨根瘤内生菌的超微结构研究

通过光学和电子显微镜对5~10月生长季节内的毛赤杨(Alnus hirsute)固氮根瘤进行了研究。超微结构研究结果表明其根瘤有明显季节变化。瘤内生菌表现为2种形式:有分枝且有隔菌丝(0.4~0.8μm)及生长于母体菌丝顶端泡囊(1.5~3.0μm)。毛赤杨根瘤内生菌超微结构与其它赤杨根瘤内生菌相似。     

龙生型花生中的微卫星变异研究

本研究用24份龙生型花生资源作研究材料,采用31个微卫星标记引物检测其分子水平上的遗传变异,其中13个引物能在龙生型花生基因组中扩增出多态性DNA片段.研究结果表明,在龙生型花生基因组中,一对SSR引物可扩增出2条以上的DNA片段,扩增片段数最多的是Pm36,在24份龙生型花生资源中扩增出16个大小不同的DNA片段;由这些多态性标记检测出的遗传距离,平均为0.17,最高为0.33,最低为0.03,但能区分所有的24份资源.对分子标记在花生育种和资源鉴定上的利用前景进行了分析讨论.