脱防冻剂方法对牛体外受精胚胎冷冻后成活率的影响

为了观察脱防冻剂方法对牛体外受精冷冻胚胎在体内、外发育率的影响,应用常规冷冻法在０．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油＋０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丙二醇溶液中冷冻受精后７、８ｄ的囊胚,解冻后在０．２５、０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中二步或在０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中三步脱防冻剂的胚胎孵化率（分别为６８．６％、６２．２％、６８．７％）与用ＰＢＳ／ＦＣＳ六步脱防冻剂的差异不显著（７０．４％,Ｐ＞０．０５）,但在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中三步脱防冻剂后,孵化率显著降低（４７．６％,Ｐ＜０．０１）。用０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ或０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖或海藻糖预先使胚胎脱水后冷冻,解冻后可使胚胎直接在ＰＢＳ中一步脱掉防冻剂,胚胎孵化率（４５．０％～４９．５％）与在０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中二步脱防冻剂的相似（５１．５％,Ｐ＞０．０５）。移植试验表明,在０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中二步脱防冻剂获得的妊娠率与六步脱防冻剂相似,与在ＰＢＳ中一步脱防冻剂的亦无明显差异,但妊娠率均偏低（２１．４％～３７．５％）。     

固始鸡孵化期间蛋黄胆固醇、粗脂肪和锌含量分析

对固始鸡种蛋孵化期间蛋黄中胆固醇、粗脂肪和锌含量的测定表明,胆固醇含量0～6胚龄明显升高,以后出现阶段性降低;粗脂肪含量0～6胚龄无明显变化,6胚龄以后逐渐降低;锌含量0～3胚龄和6～12胚龄明显升高,3～6胚龄和12～21胚龄降低.     

真蛸人工繁殖及受精卵孵化技术研究初报

真蛸为福建省近年来新兴的海水养殖优良种类,具有较高的营养价值、商品价值和产业化养殖前景。本文报道了福建省水产研究所2008年-2011年真蛸人工繁殖及受精卵孵化结果：127头雌亲蛸经强化培育,共有77头产卵,获卵194×10^4粒,孵出143．4×10^4头浮游幼体。雌亲蛸获产率46．2％～86．7％,卵子受精率75．6％-91．8％,受精卵孵化率77．9％～95．0％。在20．0～22．5℃水温条件下,真蛸受精卵经21～36d开始孵出,孵出后4～6d为孵出高峰,每窝卵开始孵出至孵化结束维持10—16d。     

疣吻沙蚕胚胎发育观察及盐度对其孵化的影响

采用显微镜观察了疣吻沙蚕(Tylorrhynchus heterochaeta)胚胎发育不同时期特征,并依据疣吻沙蚕人工孵化经验设置6个盐度梯度组(A:0,B:5,C:10,D:13,E:15,F:20),每组3个平行,研究了盐度对疣吻沙蚕受精率和孵化率的影响。结果表明,疣吻沙蚕胚胎发育可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前担轮幼虫期、后担轮幼虫期、膜内三刚节疣足幼虫期和三刚节疣足幼虫期8个时期;盐度对疣吻沙蚕孵化影响显著(P0.05),C组受精率和孵化率最高,与其他组存在显著差异(P0.05)。适宜受精的盐度范围为10~13,最适孵化的盐度为10。     

Pectin purified from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel as a natural hatching agent for fish embryos

Pectin is a biodegradable polysaccharide, and it has been recently applied as a gene delivery, drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering agent. In this study, pectin was extracted from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel and characterized. The extraction recovery of pectin form pomelo peel was 14.5%, and it had 72.56% degree of esterification, 1,245.56 equivalent weight, 7.82% methoxyl and 68.27% anhydrouronic acid contents. Use of pomelo pectin as a hatching enhancing agent for fish embryos and its effect on hatching enzyme 1 (ZHE1) was investigated. The pectin‐exposed zebrafish embryos (100 µg/ml) showed significantly (p < .05) higher hatching rate (96.6%) compared with untreated (control) embryos (66.6%) at 60 hpf. The mRNA expression of ZHE1 was also significantly (p < .05) elevated up to 55.6‐fold in pectin‐exposed embryos at 24 hpf. In situ hybridization results revealed remarkably strong expression of ZHE1 in pectin‐exposed embryos compared with the control group. In addition, considerably larger size of the hatching gland was observed in pectin‐exposed larvae than that of the unexposed larvae group. These results clearly indicate that pectin isolated from pomelo peel has an ability to enhance the hatching process of zebrafish embryos via upregulation of ZHE1.     

印楝提取物对光肩星天牛成虫生物活性的影响

为寻求防治光肩星天牛有效的生物农药,本研究测定了不同浓度的印楝素对光肩星天牛成虫生物活性的影响。光肩星天牛取食含印楝素浓度为10、50、100、150和200μg/mL的印楝提取物处理的垂柳枝条,结果表明:印楝提取物对光肩星天牛有不同程度的拒食作用,并且抑制其产卵及卵孵化。提取物的浓度越高,效果越明显。当印楝素浓度为150和200μg/mL时,选择性取食效果均大于100%;每对天牛12 d的产卵量分别为6.11和4.17粒,对照为24.50粒,各处理组与对照组之间的产卵量存在显著差异(P<0.05);孵化率分别为14.63%和0,对照组卵孵化率为98%,各处理组卵孵化率和对照组之间有显著差异(P<0.05),且处理组卵孵化期较对照组延长了5 d。     

养殖达氏鳇人工繁殖的初步研究

于2008年4月13—16日,对4尾人工养殖初次性成熟的雌性达氏鳇Huso dauricus进行人工繁殖试验。结果表明:有2尾达氏鳇成功产卵,2尾达氏鳇没有产卵,产卵率为50%;共采集卵19.5 kg,其中对8 kg卵(24万粒)进行授精,受精率为83.3%,孵化率为85.2%,共出鱼苗17.2万尾。通过对没有产卵的2尾达氏鳇解剖发现,达氏鳇卵巢中均有部分不同程度的退化卵。     

大恒优质肉鸡S01、S05、S06、S08四个品系蛋品质的比较研究

种蛋品质是影响种鸡性能的重要因素。本研究对大恒优质肉鸡S01、S05、S06和S08四个品系父母代种蛋的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、血肉斑率等蛋品质指标进行了研究分析。结果显示：四个品系在蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋白高度和哈氏单位等指标方面有显著差异（P〈0．05）。S08品系蛋重最大,S05、S06居中,S01最小;S08品系蛋形指数最大,S01、S06居中,S05最小;S05、S06品系蛋白高度、哈氏单位显著优于S01,与S08没有显著差异。蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和血肉斑率各品系之间没有差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明大恒优质肉鸡父母代四个品系的蛋品质较好,品系间存在明显差异,可为进一步的品系改良提供很好的素材。     

Effects of Salinity,Commercial Salts,and Water Type on Cultivation of the Cryptophyte Microalgae Rhodomonas salina and the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa

Marine aquaculture facilities positioned far from the sea need access to seawater (SW); hence, commercial salts are often the chosen solution. In marine hatcheries, most fish larvae require live feed (zooplankton) that are in turn fed with microalgae. The objective of this research was to investigate the applicability of commercial salts and clarify the potential effects on the cultivation of the microalga Rhodomonas salina and the copepod Acartia tonsa. Three commercial salts were tested, Red Sea Salt (RS), Red Sea – Coral Pro Salt (CP), and Blue Treasure Salt. R. salina was cultured at salinities of 10, 20, and 30 psu resulting in equal growth rates at salinities 20 and 30 in SW and RS mixed with deionized (DI) water. The optimum salinity for R. salina was 29 psu. For A. tonsa eggs, we observed highest hatching success in 30 psu with CP or RS mixed with DI water. The egg hatching success was not affected by salinities 15–40 and optimal hatching was obtained at 27 psu. Results confirm it was possible to use commercial salts for rearing of both R. salina and A. tonsa, widening the application of these species for aquaculture facilities without access to SW.     

泥鳅激素浸泡催产试验的初报

为了寻找一种简易的泥鳅催产方法。浸泡催产激素有绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)和地欧酮(DOM),以HCG250 IU+LHRH-A22 μg+DOM1 mg/尾为基本剂量(X),食盐作为浸泡助渗剂,食用色拉油为消泡剂。分别进行不同浸泡时间、浓度和盐度的泥鳅催产试验。累计激素浸泡催产种鳅13.987 kg,900尾,获受精卵80.218万粒,其催产率在0%~100%,平均催产率为34.66%;得泥鳅水花苗71.42万尾。孵化率为在45.6%~93.3%之间,孵化率平均值为81.21%。激素浸泡催产率高达80.0%,激素浸泡催产获得泥鳅受精卵的孵化率和注射激素催产获受精卵的孵化率差别不大,说明利用激素浸泡泥鳅催产方便省时,是一种有前途的新方法。浸泡催产激素有绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、促黄体素释放激素类似物（LHRH-A2）和地欧酮（DOM）,按照HCG250IU+LHRH-A22μg+DOM1mg/尾基本剂量（X）;食盐为浸泡助渗剂,食用色拉油为消泡剂。2011年6月15日至20日,笔者分别进行不同浸泡时间、浓度和盐度的泥鳅催产试验。累计激素浸泡催产种鳅13.987kg,900尾,获受精卵84.826万粒,其催产率在 0.00%～80.0%,得泥鳅水花苗71.42万尾。孵化率为在45.6%～93.3%之间,孵化率平均值为81.21%。