玉米抗粗缩病遗传及分子标记研究

Maize rough dwarf disease caused by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by planthopper in China. Identification and development of resistant hybrids are complicated because of the inconsistencies in viral disease pressure every year. Marker-assisted selection can provide means for main-taining virus resistance alleles even in the absence of disease. In this paper a F₂ segregation population was constructed to identity the molecular markers linked to the resistance gene using a cross between a resistant and a susceptible parents (Qi319×Ye107). Fifteen-day-old seedlings of F₂ population were exposed to small brown planthoppers carrying RBSDV for 3 days in specific inoculation chamber. The inoculated plants were transplanted to screenhouse after removing the insects completely. In plant maturity stage the disease resistance of all the individuals were visually assessed. The results showed that 17, 8, 11, 51 and 122 plants were scaled from 0-4 respectively, in which 0 means no symptoms and 4 represents highly susceptible. Chi-square test demonstrated that the segregation ratio of phenotype was 1∶15 (resistant: susceptible) or 1∶6∶9 (resistant∶moderate∶susceptible) in the F₂ population, indicating RBSDV resistance of maize was controlled by two recessive genes. The F₂ individuals DNA were extracted and 261 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers derived from maize genome ten chromosomes were selected from maize GDB database to construct genetic linkage map. The linkage map consisted of 71 polymorphic SSR markers, spanning a genetic distance of 996.6 cM with an average interval of 14.0 cM between adjacent markers. The resistant and susceptible gene pools were set up for BSA (bulked segregant analysis) and 6 polymorphism markers were obtained with BSA-SSR method between the two pools. The F₂individuals were further analyzed with 6 polymorphism markers. Chi-square test showed that phi 051, umc1407 and umc1432, mapped on chromosome 7 and 10, exhibited segregation distortion significantly and very significantly in susceptible individuals. These three SSR markers were identified as potential markers linked to the resistant loci.     

两种兼用型牛BoLA-DRA*exon2多态性及其与乳房炎的关联分析

利用PCR-SSCP技术,分析了牛主要组织相容性复合物DRA基因外显子2的多态性在236头中国西门塔尔牛、三河牛中的基因型分布及其多态性与乳房炎的关系。结果表明:经χ2独立性检验,发现该多态片段6种基因型在感染乳房炎牛和健康牛之间分布不一致(p<0.01)。在感染乳房炎牛中CC基因型频率最高,在健康牛中BC基因型频率最高。据此推测,CC基因型可能与这两种牛的乳房炎易感性有关,而BC基因型可能与这两种牛的乳房炎抗性有关。     

岩原鲤的研究概况和进展

岩原鲤[Procypris rabtmdi(Tehang)]是一种长江中上游水系特有的珍稀保护动物,其分布区域狭窄,种群数量少,再加上环境巨变和滥捕,使岩原鲤野生资源日益枯竭,濒临灭绝,已被列入<中国濒危动物红皮书>.结合大量的文献和自己的研究结果,从分类地位、种群生态、形态学、生理生化、遗传学和人工养殖等方面较为全面地总结了岩原鲤的研究概况和进展,指出了岩原鲤种群研究中存在的一些问题以及今后的研究方向.     

野猪的遗传学研究与开发利用进展

野猪是重要的兽类资源之一,对于维持生物多样性具有重要意义。对野猪的遗传资源进行研究评估,既能起到保护遗传资源的作用,又能利用它们来改良家猪形成新的猪种。文章主要从野猪的生物学特性、与家猪的起源进化关系及开发利用前景等方面对野猪的研究进行综述,以期为野猪资源的进一步研究和种质资源的保护与开发利用提供参考。     

中华绒螯蟹养殖群体与野生群体的种群遗传学研究

研究旨在探究安徽中华绒螯蟹种质资源状况以及资源混杂程度,以期为中华绒螯蟹资源的科学保护、合理利用以及相关产业政策的制定提供理论依据。采集了中华绒螯蟹4个养殖群体和长江野生群体共170尾样本,基于线粒体分子标记,进行种群遗传学分析。结果表明,长江野生中华绒螯蟹遗传多样性低,盲目捕捞可能造成野生资源衰退。野生群体与养殖群体间未出现显著遗传分化,存在严重的种质混杂。研究探明了长江中华绒螯蟹的资源现状,为其科学的保护提供理论依据。     

籼稻精米重量性状的发育遗传分析

采用包括胚乳、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系基因效应的数量性状发育遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了籼稻4个发育时期的精米重量性状.结果表明三倍体胚乳和二倍体母株基因的加性效应和显性效应以及细胞质效应可以明显影响各个稻米发育时期的精米重量,但主要为二倍体母株的核基因效应,其次为三倍体胚乳核基因效应.基因加性效应在稻米4个发育时期的精米重量表现中起着主要作用,选择可以取得良好的改良效果.条件方差分量分析结果表明,胚乳、细胞质和母体植株中控制精米重量性状表现的基因在多数稻米发育时期均有新的表达,且以稻米发育前期为主,其中开花后第8～14日是控制精米重量性状表现的基因表达最为活跃的时期,各遗传体系在接近稻米成熟时(开花后第22～28日)的新基因表达量尤其是基因的加性效应会明显下降,一些基因效应尤其是净细胞质效应存在着个别发育时期间断表达的现象.稻米不同发育时期的条件和非条件遗传效应预测值表明,作5等亲本可以明显提高后代的精米重量.     

RAPD标记在罗氏沼虾杂交F1中分离的研究

利用RAPD标记技术对罗氏沼虾缅甸引进群体和浙江本地群体及其一对一杂交产生的F1的分离方式进行了研究,并分析了双亲及F1的遗传结构。结果显示,50个RAPD随机引物中有9个可扩增出多态性位点,共产生47个位点,其中22个有多态性,占总位点的46.8%;9个位点可用于遗传连锁作图;13个为偏分离位点,1个为异常分离位点。克隆分析该异常分离位点发现,其大小为707 bp,与已知序列同源性极低。父母本之间的遗传距离为0.185 7,双亲与F1间的距离分别为0.158 2和0.107 3。以上结果表明,F1群体可以作为作图群体应用于罗氏沼虾遗传图谱的构建。     

Primary lens luxation in the Chinese Shar Pei: clinical and hereditary characteristics

A pedigree analysis of a family of 15 related Chinese Shar Peis was conducted. This pedigree analysis, including affected and nonaffected dams, sires and offspring, was compiled to document and characterize the occurrence, common clinical signs, and age of onset of primary lens luxation while suggesting a possible mode of inheritance in this breed. Of the five offspring from the mating of an affected dam to two unrelated affected males, 100% of offspring were affected with bilateral primary lens luxations. Of the four viable offspring from the mating of the same affected dam to an unrelated, unaffected male, two dogs (50%) were affected. The average age of onset of affected animals (seven) in this first generation was 4.9 years (range 3–6 years). The six dogs in the second generation of the same pedigree line were 2-years-old at examination with none of these animals affected at the time of this study. The most common presenting complaints were a unilateral change in ocular appearance (5 of 7 dogs) and subjective vision impairment (4 of 7 dogs). The most common clinical sign upon ophthalmic examination was iridodonesis (unilateral 4 of 7 dogs; bilateral 3 of 7 dogs) and the presence of an aphakic crescent (3 of 7 dogs). Gonioscopy and tonometry of severely affected eyes revealed a narrow or closed iridocorneal angle and ocular hypertension. This study suggests that primary lens luxation does occur in the Chinese Shar Pei, resembling the clinical condition (age of onset, clinical signs) previously described in the terrier breeds, the Border Collie, and the Tibetan Terrier. Application of the phenotypic findings in this study to a Mendelian genetic model of inheritance suggests that primary lens luxation in the Chinese Shar Pei is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait.     

SSR和ISSR分子标记及其在植物遗传育种研究中的应用

SSR（Simple Sequence Repeat）和ISSR（Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat）技术是在PCR基础上发展起来的两种DNA多态性检测技术，已开始应用于基因组研究的各个领域。概述了SSR、ISSR反应的原理、特点，总结了其在植物亲缘关系和遗传多态性研究、DNA指纹库的建立、遗传图谱的构建和基因定位及分子标记辅助育种等方面的应用，并肯定了SSR、ISSR在植物遗传育种领域的广阔应用前景。