臭氧和紫外线对冰箱消毒的研究

家用冰箱存在着不同程度的细菌污染，必需对冰箱进行定期或不定期的消毒。经用载体法和平皿法研究发现，用紫外线对冰箱进行消毒是可行的，其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞有较强的杀灭作用，而且不会引起冰箱内温度升高。同时还可产生少量Ｑ，除去冰箱内异味，因此具有杀菌、抑菌、除臭保鲜的作用。     

自由曲面前照灯近光配光的防眩目研究

从驾驶员心理学和生理学角度探讨了汽车夜间会车时眩目的机理．由于传统的前照灯配光设计停留在二维的层面上，设计周期长，且配光效果差，很难达到防眩目的要求．本文通过Reflector CAD软件反求出了符合ECE法规配光要求的自由曲面前照灯反射镜的三维模型，该模型可以直接用于数控程序的编制，减小了前照灯的设计成本和设计周期，利用TracePro软件对模型进行近光配光的仿真实验，通过光线追踪的方法避免了实际配光实验时调整反射镜配光所需的反复制造过程，同时又保证了前照灯防眩目的效果。     

^60Co—γ射线对玉米当代（Mo）染色体断裂规律的分析

~(60)Co-γ射线辐射玉米干种子对影响当代(Mo)染色体断裂的研究表明,断裂频率以1号和具随体的6号染色体最高,7、9和10号染色体很低,且基本不受辐射剂量大小的影响。染色体断裂数量与染色体长度无显著相关。断裂常发生在异染色质与常染色质的结合处.     

Food intake and energy expenditure in growing cats with and without a predisposition to overweight

Overweight and obesity are multifactorial diseases caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism. An underlying genetic predisposition is often a factor in these conditions. In the cat breeding family of the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, a segregating overweight phenotype with a genetic contribution was observed. From this breeding family, 26 kittens were followed from birth up to 8 months of age. During this time, food intake was measured using an automatic feeding station, and energy expenditure was investigated using indirect calorimetry at the ages of 4 and 6 months. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed and blood glucose, leptin and insulin were measured at the ages of 4, 6 and 8 months. The kittens were also weighed daily for the first 2 weeks of life, every second day until weaning and once per week until 8 months of age. The body condition score (BCS) was evaluated monthly between 2 and 8 months of age. The main finding of this study is that a predisposition to overweight is connected to a higher food intake early in life, with no significant alterations in energy expenditure. The leptin blood levels were related to body fat percentage, and insulin sensitivity did not seem to be affected.     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定稻谷中的镉

探索了一种对稻谷中重金属镉的快速、直接的测定方法,以适用稻谷集中收购、存储和流通过程中快速检测的的需要。样品无需前处理,直接磨成粉状即可上机测定。该方法采用X射线荧光光谱分析的原理,样品中的待测元素受激产生特征X射线,并由高性能探测器接收,得到镉元素的信号强度,然后根据信号强度与浓度的比例关系,经过软件处理自动计算样品中镉的含量,20min内完成精确定量。检出限可达到0.034mg/kg,实物标样标准偏差为0.016。此方法简单快速,并且准确性高,重现性好,可广泛应用于稻谷中镉的快速检测。     

Pedotransfer functions to assess adsorbed phosphate using iron oxide content and magnetic susceptibility in an Oxisol

Adsorbed phosphate in soils can be chemically extracted; however, this process is both time‐consuming and not cost‐effective if large numbers of samples have to be analysed. Indirect assessment of adsorbed phosphate by pedotransfer functions (PTFs) can help optimize fertilizer strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of adsorbed phosphate (P_ads), iron oxides and magnetic susceptibility (MS) in oxisols and to calibrate PTFs to predict P_ads. A total of 308 soil samples were collected from Hapludox and Eutrudox soils formed from sandstone in Brazil. The contents of clay (196–607 g/kg), iron oxides (40–165 g/kg), MS (1.2–29 × 10^?6 m³/kg) and P_ads (327–842 mg/kg) were in the range of typical values for these highly weathered soils. This study showed that the attributes studied were spatially dependent. Geomorphic surfaces enabled understanding of spatial variability and helped to develop a more efficient sampling scheme to calibrate PTFs. Moreover, the adsorbed phosphate in these oxisols could be predicted by a PTF using iron oxides and MS as predictors. The MS attribute enabled the most accurate prediction (concordance coefficient = 0.95, root‐mean‐square error = 46 mg/kg and relative improvement in root‐mean‐square error = ?4.12) of spatial variability through PTF compared to other predictors.     

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the intestine

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX-2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX-independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARgamma, nuclear factor KB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins.     

60Co-γ射线诱变小麦品质突变体的筛选及分子标记检测

为了探索小麦品质性状的物理诱变效应,用300Gy的60Co-γ射线辐射小麦品种河科2号的干种子,对M3代234个株系的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、硬度和产量性状进行变异分析和SSR分子鉴定,以超过均值±2×标准差确定变异株系.结果表明,在M3代群体中,蛋白质含量有13个株系发生正向变异,5个株系发生负向变异;湿面筋含量有8个株系发生正向变异,3个株系发生负向变异;沉降值有6个株系发生正向变异,3个株系发生负向变异;硬度有2个株系发生正向变异,9个株系发生负向变异;产量有5个株系发生正向变异,4个株系发生负向变异.相关分析表明,M3群体蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值呈极显著正相关,表现出平行变异的趋势.初步筛选出蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量符合国家强筋小麦标准(蛋白质含量≥15％,湿面筋含量≥35％)的株系8个.经SSR分子标记检测,与控制小麦蛋白质含量的基因存在连锁的2个特异引物Xbarc164和Xgwm161在以上8个变异株系都呈现多态性标记,表明这些株系与蛋白质含量相关的基因可能发生了变异.     

Extension of shelf life of tuberose flowers using a combination of gamma irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservatives and assessment of antimicrobial potency of senesced flowers

Tuberose cut flowers, available as loose flowers, were treated with gamma (γ) irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservative solutions for extension of shelf life. The flowers were packaged in low-density polyethylene bags, heat sealed and stored at 23 ± 2°C, 80% relative humidity (RH) and 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH, respectively. The flowers stored at these two temperature regimes were subjected to sensory evaluation and biochemical analyses. From these assessments, the longest shelf life of tuberose flowers was found to be 8 days at 23 ± 2°C, 80% RH (compared to 4 days for control) and 24 days at 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH (compared to 8 days for control) using combination treatment of low dose γ-irradiation (0.02 kGy) and preservative solutions (4% sucrose and 0.02% CaCl₂). Ethanolic extract of tuberose flowers of the most shelf stable set (stored at 4 ± 1°C), i.e. at the end of 24 days, showed antimicrobial potency against the common skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 and MDR strains), suggesting utility of the senesced tuberose flowers for therapeutic applications. This preservation technique would promote export of tuberose flowers by extension of their shelf lives and allow utilization of these flowers, post senescence.