插装阀阀芯优化与仿真分析

插装阀在静止状态下，由于静摩擦的原因，导致阀芯与阀套出现卡滞现象；在运动状态下，由于压差和阀芯微偏移的原因造成阀芯与阀套发生磨损；为此提出一种新型的带有导流槽的插装阀阀芯。基于缝隙流动和液压卡紧分析，建立插装阀阀芯与阀套间隙的CFD优化仿真模型，通过N-S方程、伯努利方程和卡紧力方程联立得到阀芯与阀套间卡紧力的推导公式。基于CFD仿真模拟分析，比较新型阀芯与原阀芯不同模型间隙的切线应力、压力分布规律，结果表明：在入口压力为12 MPa时，原阀芯的切线应力在12 000 Pa上下波动，大于新型阀芯切线应力4 200 Pa；在入口压力为8 MPa时，原阀芯的切线应力在7 200 Pa上下波动，大于新型阀芯切线应力3 000 Pa；且原阀芯切线应力的波动范围远大于新型阀芯。新型阀芯在阀套间的受力更加平稳，磨损更小。研究结果为插装阀优化以及减少能量损失和改善润滑条件提供理论指导和依据。     

竹材弦面纵向切削的研究

研究了竹材弦面纵向切削的3种切削方式(单劈刀切削、单刨刀切削及并列式双刨刀切削)及单刨刀切削时的切削阻力,结果表明:对竹材采用劈或刨的切削方式,均可进行弦面纵向切削并能获得质量较好的竹蔑。竹材的节间、节部、切削厚度、含水率及切削速度等因素对切削阻力均有不同程度的影响。节部切削阻力明显高于节间切削阻力;切削阻力随切削厚度的增大而增大,两者成线性关系;含水率增大时,节间切削阻力减小,而节部切削阻力变化不大;切削速度增大时,节间切削阻力基本上是下降的,而节部切削阻力是增大的。     

砂垫层基础的设计与施工措施

在各类工程中砂垫层的作用不同,作者对软弱地基在结构设计中采用砂垫层这一措施进行了详细叙述。     

直列4缸内燃机双轴平衡系统设计

直列4缸平面布置曲轴内燃机存在不平衡的二阶往复惯性力,采用兰氏双轴平衡系统,可以平衡二阶往复惯性力,使内燃机的噪声和振动明显下降。     

土的弹性抗力与墩顶固结结构物的联合计算

将土、基础及上部结构物视为一个整体，在计入土的弹性抗力后对多跨无铰拱和连续刚构的上下部结构进行联合计算，并给出了算例，可供设计参考。     

Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

华北山区草地资源及其生产力的研究

华北山区位于温带——暖温带，东经１０７°～１２３°，北纬３５°～４３°。包括山东丘陵区，太行山区，冀北辽西山地区，阴山山地区四部分。该区属于农牧业交错区，农业、牧业（农区牧业和草地牧业）、林业十分发达，并且在迅速发展。华北山区是我国小麦、玉米和杂粮的主要产区。草地类型多样，饲草料丰富，又是养牛业、养羊业、养猪业相当发达的地区。经统计，华北山区总人口为５６２９万，总土地面积３５４５万ｈａ，天然草地总面积为１５８８．９１万ｈａ，占土地总面积的４４．８２％，人均草地０．２８２３ｈａ。各个区的草地类型不同，生产力差异显著（ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Physiological Analysis of Yield Variation in Mungbean (Vigna radiata [Roxb.] Wilczek)

Two mungbean varieties, Guj-1 and PIMS-1 differing in their productivity potential, were examined to investigate their photosynthetic system at various stages of growth in relation to yield with two different dates of sowing. Vertical leaves were found to be beneficial. On the other hand, excessive leaf area during the later stages of growth may be detrimental to yield. Lower LAD at seedling stage and overall high NAR values may be reflected in higher grain yield. NAR declined as season progressed and this, in turn, may be related with increase in LAI. The grain yield was considerably more at the first date of sowing as compared to second date of sowing, the effect was being more pronounced in var. PIMS-1 . Various environmental factors recorded at two different dates of sowing and at various stages of growth indicated that these factors may have influenced the yield potential at two different dates of sowing.     

沙尘暴应急监测方法研究

在沙尘暴应急监测方法研究中,通过对总悬浮颗粒物采样仪器及各种采样参数的研究确定和降尘采样器的研制,制定出沙尘暴应急监测方法。     

北疆棉花不同品种叶绿素荧光特性的研究

测定了北疆6个不同棉花品种田间叶片的净光合作用、荧光参数的变化。结果表明:晴天棉花叶片的光化学效率(Fv/Fm)随着光强上升而下降,到14∶00左右降到最低值,之后又随光强的减弱逐渐回升;非光化学猝灭系数(qN)则与此相反。棉叶在晴天易发生光抑制,可能会引发反应中心的降解等破坏反应。产量较高的新陆早8号和新陆早10号的Fv/Fm、光化学猝灭系数(qP)均高,且正午过后Fv/Fm恢复较快,不仅能较强地吸收光能,同时还具有较高的PSII的活性和光能转化效率,从而将所吸收的光能有效地转化为化学能,提高光合电子传递速度,形成更多的ATP和ENADPH,为光合碳同化提供充分的能量和还原能力。