镉胁迫下富铁有机肥对芒草生长及镉富集的影响

为了探究镉胁迫下富铁有机肥对芒草生长及镉富集的影响,通过盆栽试验,设置CK（不施肥）、ZCK（施加普通有机肥）和Z2、Z3（施加不同浓度富铁有机肥）处理。结果表明：与CK相比,所有施肥处理均促进了芒草生长,改善了土壤理化性质,抑制了芒草富集重金属,且其中Z2、Z3比ZCK对芒草生长的效果更好。相对于ZCK,Z3的芒草干质量显著增加了131.80%,Z2的芒草根长显著增加了54.22%。此外,Z2地上部的镉含量相比于ZCK显著降低了49.86%,Z3地下部的镉含量相比于CK显著降低了58.94%。研究表明,施加富铁有机肥相对于普通有机肥更能有效促进芒草生长并抑制芒草对镉的富集,该肥料具有对轻度镉污染土壤进行边修复边生产的应用潜力。     

仔猪轮状病毒感染与乳糖不耐受症的临床检测

[目的]探讨轮状病毒感染与乳糖不耐受症的临床相关性,为建立适用于规模化养猪场的仔猪轮状病毒感染检测方法提供理论依据.[方法]随机选择腹泻仔猪和健康仔猪各63头,采用醋酸铅—氢氧化铵法和pH试纸法分别检测仔猪粪便的乳糖和pH值,粪便乳糖大于或等于++且pH≤5.5为继发性乳糖不耐受症;然后运用猪轮状病毒诊断试剂检测乳糖不耐受病例的猪轮状病毒感染情况.[结果]与健康仔猪相比,腹泻仔猪粪便乳糖大于或等于++为36例,其中pH≤5.5有23例,即发生乳糖不耐受症的病例23例,占总腹泻仔猪数的36.51%.对23例乳糖不耐受病例进行轮状病毒感染检测,结果发现仔猪继发性乳糖不耐受症与猪感染轮状病毒所引起腹泻的吻合率高达100%.[结论]由猪轮状病毒所引起的仔猪腹泻,多会发生继发性乳糖不耐受症,采用醋酸铅—氢氧化铵法能及时鉴别诊断猪轮状病毒感染,且具有廉价、方便、快捷等优势,适合在基层猪场大规模使用.     

Les vaccins dans la prevention de la rhinotracheite infectieuse du chat adjuvant BCG gel d''alumine (preparation, controle, immunite)

Immunogenicity of different vaccines against the main viral diseases was compared: feline infectious rhinotracheitis, feline panleucopenia virus and calicivirus. These inactivated vaccines developed higher protective activity when adjuvants such as BCG or aluminium hydroxide were used. Animals vaccinated and boostered with an identical dose of these vaccines resisted the viral challenges. Neutralizing antibodies titers obtained with BCG adjuvated vaccines were twofold higher than those containing aluminium hydroxide.     

Effects of treating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows

Three, multiparous Holstein crossbred dairy cows with initial body weight of 385 ± 19 kg were randomly allocated to 3 treatments of rice straw (T1 = untreated rice straw; T2 = 5.5% urea-treated rice straw (5 g urea in 100 ml water to 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw); T3 = 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw (2.0 g urea and 2.0 g Ca(OH)₂ in 100 ml to 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each period lasted for 21 days in which feed, feces and rumen fluid were collected during the last 7 days for chemical analyses. The findings revealed significant improvements in dry matter intake and digestibility by using 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw. Ruminal pH and NH₃-N were found higher (P < 0.05) as compared with urea-treated rice straw fed group, while blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen were in normal ranges. Volatile fatty acid concentrations especially those of acetic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) and those of propionic acid were increased (P < 0.05), thus acetic acid:propionic acid was subsequently lowered (P < 0.05) in cows fed with 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw, respectively. Moreover, ruminal viable and cellulolytic bacterial counts were enhanced by urea and calcium hydroxide treatments. Milk protein and fat concentrations were additionally increased by respective treatments while 3.5% fat-corrected milk was highest; ranking from 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw, 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and urea-treated rice straw fed groups. Based on this study, implications could be made that using 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw for straw treatment could be an alternative treatment to 5.5% urea treatment with regards to its effectiveness and treatment cost for lactating dairy cows.     

兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病铝胶二联灭活苗的研制

筛选了具有良好免疫原性的兔瘟强毒株GMH881和兔巴氏杆菌C51-17株,研制出了兔出血症-巴氏杆菌二联铝胶灭活苗,对疫苗进行了免疫剂量、免疫产生期、兔出血症抗体测定、免疫保护期、保存期等试验;确定出二联铝胶苗免疫剂量1.0 mL;二联铝胶苗在免疫后7 d对兔病毒性出血症强毒的保护率达到100%,二联苗免疫后10～14 d对兔巴氏杆菌的保护率均达到75%以上;二联铝胶苗的兔病毒出血症抗体测定结果表明：二联铝胶苗免疫家兔后7 d,HI抗体均可达25.0,15 d明显上升,二联苗HI效价60～90 d达到最高峰,最高可达210,二联苗在120～180 d仍可维持在27.0～29.5水平。二联铝胶苗分别在免疫后4个月、6个月用兔出血症强毒攻击均产生100%保护,在6个月用2个MLD的兔巴氏杆菌攻击保护率可达70%以上,二联铝胶苗4～8℃条件下保护期暂定为1年,25℃条件下暂定为半年。     

乳酸菌富铁的研究

为了使铁离子转化为易被动物体吸收的微量元素,以防治仔猪因缺铁而造成的贫血等病症,本研究用乳酸菌富集铁元素。首先测得乳酸菌在硫酸亚铁和有机铁2种来源的铁元素中所能正常生长的最高铁离子浓度,然后加入适宜浓度的铁离子培养乳酸菌至最高活菌数。菌液离心后冲洗3次并烘干,用原子分光光度法测定乳酸菌干细胞内铁离子的含量,比较乳酸菌对2种形态铁元素的富集能力。最后做饲养试验。结果表明:乳酸菌对有机铁的耐受质量浓度(0.5 g/L)比硫酸亚铁(0.1 g/L)高;乳酸菌对有机铁的富集能力(1.590 mg/g)比硫酸亚铁(0.024mg/g)强。含有机铁的乳酸菌制剂对降低断奶仔猪死亡率有显著效果。     

NaOH溶液脱绒对白羊草种子活力的影响

[目的] 探究NaOH溶液脱绒处理对白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）种子活力的影响,为机械化播种提供便利条件。[方法] 分别利用浓度为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%（W/V）的NaOH溶液对白羊草种子进行脱绒处理0（CK）、1、5、10、15 min,分析其对发芽率（Gp）、发芽指数（Gi）、平均发芽时间（MGT）、幼苗活力指数（SVI）的影响,筛选白羊草种子NaOH溶液脱绒的最佳条件。[结果] NaOH溶液浓度及处理时间均对白羊草种子活力具有极显著（P<0.01）影响。相同处理时间下,白羊草种子脱绒1~10 min后Gp、Gi随NaOH溶液浓度的增加而增加,脱绒1 min和10 min后SVI随着NaOH溶液浓度的增加而增加,脱绒5 min后SVI随NaOH溶液浓度的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,脱绒15 min时Gp、Gi和SVI随NaOH溶液浓度的增加呈先升后降的趋势;在20%~50%的NaOH溶液浓度下,脱绒后白羊草种子Gp、Gi和SVI随处理时间的增加呈先升后降的趋势。经NaOH溶液脱绒处理后白羊草种子的MGT均高于CK。[结论] 适宜浓度的NaOH溶液浸种能有效脱去白羊草种子表面的绒毛,提高白羊草种子的活力。浓度为50%的NaOH溶液浸种5 min对白羊草种子活力的促进效果最好。     

母、乳猪日粮中添加甘氨酸铁络合物的应用研究

试验研究了母、乳猪日粮中添加甘氨酸铁络合物的应用效果。母猪日粮中添加甘氨酸铁络合物60 mg/kg,乳猪日粮中添加甘氨酸铁络合物100 mg/kg,总产仔数、活仔数、初生窝重和初生均重分别比对照组提高了5.14%(P>0.05)、6.30%(P>0.05)、7.50%(P<0.05)和1.38%(P>0.05)。试验组仔猪日增重比对照组提高8.12%(P<0.05),而成活率则提高了2.52%(P>0.05)。母猪初乳铁含量、胎盘铁含量、乳猪脐带铁含量和乳猪血液铁含量分别比对照组提高了39.09%(P<0.05)、62.35%(P<0.05)、73.93%(P<0.05)和89.37%(P<0.05)。仔猪黄痢、白痢、副伤寒分别下降了84%、78.57%、20%。母猪的采食量提高了6.82%(P>0.05)。试验组的哺乳仔猪注射铁制剂与否,猪的肤色、毛色、可视黏膜的外观表象及增重没有显著性的差异,而对照组则有显著性的差异。     

蛋氨酸螯合铁对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验选用36头35日龄体重7.7kg左右的杜长大三元杂交商品代断奶仔猪,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组18头,公母各半。试验组饲料中添加0.04%的蛋氨酸铁螯合物,对照组饲料中不添加蛋氨酸铁螯合物。经过30d的饲养试验,结果表明:(1)试验组的日增重比对照组多增重77g,提高了25.4%,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组的平均采食量比对照组增加92g,提高了19.5%;试验组的料重比比对照组降低4.5%。(2)经济效益显著:试验组仔猪增重1Kg获得的毛利润比对照组多0.12元,试验期间每头小猪比对照组多盈利16.87元。     

Fate of Zinc Ammonia Acetate in Soils and Its Uptake by Corn

Zinc ammonium acetate (ZAA) is applied to soil with anhydrous ammonia as a carrier to improve corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. To study the fate of ZAA in the soils, a laboratory leaching experiment was conducted with ¹⁴C-ZAA and ⁶⁵Zn-ZAA using water or NH₄OH as carrier. Results showed that ZAA degraded in the soil and released CO₂. The released CO₂ was from the acetate component of ZAA and accounted for less than 0.06% of the total applied ¹⁴C. Using H₂O as carrier resulted in more CO₂ release than using NH₄OH, regardless of soil type. However, more ¹⁴C was detected in the leachate when using NH₄OH as a carrier than when using H₂O. A plant uptake experiment using ¹⁴C-ZAA and ⁶⁵Zn-ZAA indicated that four-leaf-stage corn seedlings absorbed higher amounts of ¹⁴C in the stem and root than in the leaves. The ⁶⁵Zn was detected in most tested plant parts. Our study showed that ZAA enhanced cytokinin levels in root and/or shoot tissues of corn seedlings, suggesting a secondary regulatory effect of ZAA in improving corn productivity.