服务营销理念在图书馆中的应用

通过学习借鉴先进企业的先进服务营销理念,从而更新了图书馆工作人员的传统服务理念,提高了图书馆的服务质量和服务方式;提出了图书馆的服务创新策略,推动了图书馆服务工作的发展。     

一类空间分解问题

讨论了一类与区域分解算法有关的空间分解问题，将二阶问题的已有的空间分解结果推广到四阶问题的相应空间中。还证明了一致重迭性条件与Ｂａｄｅａ条件的等价性。     

Using traffic flow theory to model traffic mortality in mammals

Traffic has a considerable effect on population and community dynamics through the disruption and fragmentation of habitat and traffic mortality. This paper deals with a systematic way to acquire knowledge about the probabilities of successful road crossing by mammals and what characteristics affect this traversability. We derive a model from traffic flow theory to estimate traffic mortality in mammals related to relevant road, traffic and species characteristics. The probability of successful road crossing is determined by the pavement width of the road, traffic volume, traversing speed of the mammals and their body length. We include the traversability model in a simple two-patch population model to explore the effects of these road, traffic and species characteristics on population dynamics. Analysis of the models show that, for our parameter ranges, traffic volume and traversing speed have the largest effect on traffic mortality. The population size is especially negatively affected when roads have to be crossed during the daily movements. These predictions could be useful to determine the expected effectiveness of mitigating measures relative to the current situation. Mitigating measures might alter the road and traffic characteristics. The effects of these changes on traffic mortality and population dynamics could be analysed by calculating the number of traffic victims before and after the mitigating measures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The evolution and application of enzymes in the animal feed industry: the role of data interpretation

ABSTRACT

1. Enzymes have been used commercially for nearly 40 years and save significant costs through sparing of expensive nutrients but the mechanism by which this is achieved is still debated.

2. The research focused on non-starch polysaccharidase (NSPase) enzymes is used as an example of where greater progress could have been made if the details of the work had been described more fully and the analysis of the data generated had been broader in scope and more critical.

3. Lack of standardisation of the details presented in the materials and methods has been identified as a significant barrier to meaningful retrospective analysis and thus limits advances in the understanding of the mode of action of these enzymes.

4. The identity of the enzyme employed and its activity is often lacking, and more importantly the purity is rarely disclosed. Contaminant activities which are neither listed nor assayed could play a significant role in the responses observed.

5. The dose optimum of most enzymes is often considerably higher than that employed in most studies. Thus studies claiming synergy between two ‘activities’ should ensure that the response is not related to each enzyme simply augmenting the dose of just one activity in the finished feed. This is a common problem, and coupled with the lack of factorial experiments to justify the presence of each enzyme in a multi-enzyme product, it is not surprising that there is still debate as to whether single or multi-enzymes are best suited poultry rations.

6. The three proposed mechanisms for NSPases (viscosity, cell wall and prebiotic) are discussed, and along with their strengths and weaknesses it is suggested that a re-evaluation of each is needed. Viscosity may have to be re-evaluated as being a function not only of the cereal being fed, but of the age of the animal as well. The cell wall theory as described is poorly modelled in vitro and hence the validity of these data is questioned. The prebiotic theory may need significant modification as it appears that the quantities of oligomers produced are insufficient to generate the additional volatile fatty acids (VFA)’s reported. It is likely that all three mechanisms play a role in the responses observed, but the prebiotic mechanism probably plays by far the most important part in low viscosity diets.

7. Future research would be improved if it considered all potential mechanisms when designing a trial. Significant failings are apparent as a result of adherence to tenets in explanation of the results. Most importantly, it should be emphasised that a hypothesis is there to be tested, not defended.     

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia within the 19th century miasmatic landscape

When contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was first detected on a farm north of Melbourne, at Bundoora, in 1858, the predominant theory of miasma was being challenged by contagionist theories of disease transmission. This well‐documented case was recorded during a period of change in the scientific assessment of disease and therefore affords an exploration of what aspects of the landscape were considered important for livestock health at the time. Although the introduction, vaccination programs and eventual eradication of CBPP on mainland Australia has been well explored, scholars have neglected this aspect of the disease's history. By comparing 19th century records of farmland with how the site appears today, it is also possible to highlight the limited information provided by contemporary texts, while at the same time developing an appreciation of the ways in which the perception of the rural landscape has changed. This differing perception has implications for the utilisation of these sources for veterinary and environmental historians seeking to understand the mid‐19th century agricultural landscape and how it relates to animal health.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下武汉市粮食应急管理经验与启示——基于权变理论视角的分析

阐析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对粮食安全的冲击及其诱发危机的特征,引入权变理论,分析粮食应急管理中的权变思想,构建权变理论下的粮食应急决策模型和应急管理框架.在此基础上,从监测预警机制、应急管理体制、应急保障机制,以及常态化疫情防控机制等体制机制层面探析武汉市粮食应急管理经验.融合权变理论,从管理者的权变素质、应急组织的敏捷...     

基于极大熵原理的水资源承载力模糊评价

区域水资源承载力是近些年来水科学领域研究的热点问题,根据信息论中Jaynes最大信息熵原理,提出了一种水资源承载力模糊评价模型,并将其应用到河南省水资源承载力评价中,结果表明,河南省绝大多数地区水资源承载力较低,水资源的开发利用应以可持续发展为基础,采用节约用水,加强管理等措施。     

黄河下游影响带地下水系统动力学特征

以黄河下游影响带地下水系统为例,介绍了地下水系统的动力学特征分析方法,计算了其动力学特征指标:Hurst指数为0.91~0.97、Kolmogorov熵为0.054~0.081、最大Lyapunov指数均大于零、分维数为2.50~3.36。分析结果表明:黄河下游影响带地下水系统的各子系统都具有混沌性;Hurst指数刻划了系统的开放程度和受外界干扰程度;分形维描述了非线性系统的复杂程度。     

农业区位理论与西部退耕还林区农业产业布局研究

西部是我国重要的生态屏障和重要河流的源头,又是我国重要的农业区,如何在实施退耕还林过程中,兼顾生态效益和经济效益协调、可持续发展,是该项工程能否成功的关键。本文按照农业区位理论和产业布局演变的一般规律,在分析西部退耕还林区现状及农业产业发展趋势的基础上,对西部退耕还林区农业产业布局进行科学规划,并用“吴旗模式”验证其可行性,为西部区域经济发展提供现实的指导意义。     

用虚拟水理论探讨干旱区生态用水问题

新疆有限的水资源不可避免地导致绿洲农业经济用水与生态用水的矛盾.虚拟水理论是有别于传统水资源配置的一个新理论.通过分析目前新疆绿洲农业生产用水与生态用水的现状,计算出新疆主要农作物的虚拟水含量,尝试用虚拟水策略探讨干旱区水资源的合理利用,并分析该理论在新疆水资源利用方面的前景,以及存在的一些问题.