休闲农园节约建设规划设计的探索与实践

休闲农业是乡村经济发展的重要途径,也是乡村振兴的有力推手.休闲农园是实现农业多功能、三产融合、增产增收的重要载体.目前,资金短缺成为休闲农园发展的桎梏,研究其低成本打造及管理意义重大.从规划设计角度出发,结合多年规划设计实践经验,对休闲农园的低成本投入、低成本管理、集约高效生产、节约型景观美化提升以及绿色生态可持续发展等方面做了有益探索,以期为乡村振兴添砖加瓦.     

Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.     

京津冀一次区域性暴雨特征分析

利用FNL再分析资料、卫星资料和自动站资料对2019年7月22~23日京津冀一次区域性暴雨过程进行了环流形势、卫星云图、动热力结构的分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在500hPa两槽一脊、副热带高压北抬、低空急流的大尺度环流背景下。西南方向的水汽输送和黄渤海的补充水汽为暴雨提供了良好的水汽条件,在河北中部的水汽辐合抬升则为暴雨提供了抬升条件。此次暴雨的产生受中尺度对流云团的连续生成合并影响,降水效率高。在暴雨中心整层表现为低层辐合、高层辐散,上升速度中心明显,使得高层的抽吸作用更强,更有利于上升运动的维持与发展,为降水强度增大提供了有力的动力条件,高空弱冷空气的入侵对能量锋区不稳定能量的释放起到了触发作用。     

低、无毒农药防治花灌木主要刺吸式口器害虫

在查清天津市园林主要花灌木刺吸口器害虫桃粉蚜、绣线菊蚜、棉蚜和山楂红蜘蛛发生消长规律的基础上 ,确定了防治适期和结合点 ,筛选出 10 %吡虫啉、绿灵、蚧螨灵、 1. 8%齐螨素和花保5种低、无毒药剂 ,防效均达到 90 %以上。查出天敌 13种 ,并对优势种作了取食量调查     

甘蓝型双低隐性核不育杂交种沪油杂1号的选育

沪油杂1号(原编号SH-19)是利用隐性上位互作核雄性不育系20118A育成的甘蓝型双低杂交油菜品种.20118A的育性由2对隐性重叠基因和1对隐性上位基因控制,基因型为aabbRfRf,临保系的基因型为aabbrfrf,恢复系的基因型为AA__或__BB__.沪油杂1号种子含油量42.43%,芥酸含量0.62%,硫甙含量24.23μmol/g.在上海市油菜区域试验中平均产量2 243.3kg/hm2,比双高对照汇油50增产11.9%,比双低对照沪油15增产3.8%;在上海市油菜生产试验中平均产量2 244.0kg/hm2,分别比对照汇油50增产33.6%,比对照沪油15增产15.9%.     

肾俞穴,后三里穴与子宫相关的神经基础

应用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）法和荧光素双标记法，研究了家兔子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的外周神经联系。结果显示，支配子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的初级传入神经元及交感节后神经元分布节段部分重叠，在腰１（Ｌ１）脊神经节有少量的荧光素双标记细胞，约占该节荧光素标记细胞总数的２．６％，表明Ｌ１脊神经节有一些初级传入神经元，其周围突分支分布于肾俞穴和子宫，提示子宫与肾俞穴除通过中枢途径联系外，还可通过外周突分支投射的感觉神经元直接相联系；在胸１２～荐３（Ｔ１２～Ｓ３）交感神经节出现大量分别支配子宫和后三里穴的标记细胞，这两种细胞紧密相邻，提示支配子宫和后三里穴的交感节后神经元之间，可能还存在直接或间接联系。上述结果为穴位－内脏相关机理提供了形态学证据。     

酸碱对低活力苜蓿种子萌发及初期生长的影响

以H2SO4，HCl，HNO3及NaOH为激活荆，研究其对低活力苜蓿种子萌发及初期生长产生的影响。结果表明：不同酸碱处理及其时间不同，效果差异明显，但各处理在不同程度上均对苜蓿种子萌发和初期生长有促进作用；尤其是短时间HNO3处理，对激发苜蓿种子活力效果最佳。     

入世风险与农村现行双层经营制度的变迁

中国加入WTO之后 ,农民不仅要承担其他国家农民所承担的自然风险与市场风险 ,还要承担因现行双层经营制度带来的预期不确定性的风险 ,其根源在于现行的经营制度呈现出极大的“体制锁定”的色彩。要打破这种体制锁定 ,必须两条腿走路 :诱致性创新与强制性创新并举。既精减机构 ,明确政府的责、权、利 ,又扶植与培育农民联合体 ,增强市场创新主体分摊成本的能力与赢利能力 ,从而确保新体制的生命力与竞争力。     

Influence of Low Light Irradiance on Grain Filling in Rice (Oryza saliva L.) cultivars

Time course of grain filling pattern in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, grown under normal and low light intensities, was studied. The number of spikelets, partially filled grains and high density grains were monitored at a 5 day interval during grain filling period from uniform panicles tagged at anthesis. The low light tolerant cultivar Swarnaprabha had more high density grains and less partially filled grains throughout the grain filling period and at harvest compared to cultivar Ratna under both normal and low light intensities. Further, the opening of spikelets in two flushes in Swarnaprabha seemed to result in a more efficient resource allocation and hence better yield as compared to Ratna, in which the opening of spikelets was in a single flush on day 10.     

略论骆驼的耐干渴能力

荒漠水源奇缺,常有干渴威协。骆驼长期在这种自然选择下,造就出一种十分惊人的耐干渴能力,十日不饮可照常供使役,30～40日内缺水不致有生命危险。据研究认为,骆驼高度耐渴的机理主要在于:一次能饮入60～80升甚至更多的水;能饮用含盐量相当高的水;血液和体液中保存水的能力很强;能节约散热、呼吸、排尿、排粪过程中的水份消耗;有较高排泄浓缩尿的能力;可有效利用体内的代谢水;即使高度失水(达体重的30%)也能短期耐受过去。正因其耐渴能力强,所以才使人类开发利用荒漠成为可能;使大面积缺水草埸和其它家畜所不能利用的灌木类植物得到合理利用;还能在缺水条件下持续分泌稀薄的低脂肪驼乳,为沙漠旅行者提供上等饮料。