Preparation and Characterization of Tilapia Collagen-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Marine collagen is an ideal material for tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties. However, the limited mechanical properties and poor stability of marine collagen limit its application in tissue engineering. Here, collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane (Col-TPU) fibrous membranes were prepared using tilapia collagen as a foundational material, and their physicochemical and biocompatibility were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that thermoplastic polyurethane was successfully combined with collagen, and the triple helix structure of collagen was retained. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed relatively good compatibility between collagen and TPU.SEM results showed that the average diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane decreased with increasing thermoplastic polyurethane proportion. The mechanical evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of Col-TPU fibrous membranes were significantly improved with increasing TPU. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that fibrous membranes with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane content showed no significant toxicity to fibroblasts; Col-TPU fibrous membranes were conducive to the migration and adhesion of cells. Thus, these Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes might be used as a potential biomaterial in tissue regeneration.     

果蔬复合固体饮料的制备及其对小鼠肝性骨病的预防作用

为开发一种感官营养俱佳的保健食品,该研究以欧李、猕猴桃、胡萝卜、葡萄、柑橘5种果蔬为原料,用喷雾干燥法制备复合固体饮料（以下简称\     

玉米淀粉/聚丙烯酸钠高保水复合材料的制备及性能研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,与丙烯酸发生接枝共聚反应,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,制得玉米淀粉/聚丙烯酸钠高保水复合材料;通过干燥粉碎,进行性能测定,研究引发剂添加量、玉米淀粉添加量、丙烯酸和NaOH的中和度和交联剂添加量等因素对吸水倍率和耐盐倍率的影响。结果表明:在丙烯酸单体为50.00 g时,玉米淀粉添加量为10.00 g,引发剂添加量为0.15 g,交联剂添加量为0.02 g,中和度为90%时,生成的高保水材料性能最好,吸水倍率可达到240倍左右,耐盐倍率达到40倍左右。     

闽北山地杉木纯林和杉阔混交林的土壤肥力

对福建省建瓯市的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)纯林、杉木×枫香(Liquidambarformosana)、杉木×鹅掌楸(Lirioden-dron chinense)、杉木×桤木(Alnus cremastogyne)4种人工林样地林下土壤肥力进行测定分析,并以改进的内梅罗指数进行综合评价。结果表明,各样地的土壤均为强酸性,速效P严重缺乏;各样地土壤表层综合肥力水平均为一般,平均综合肥力水平等级均为贫瘠,强酸性土壤导致速效P缺乏是其综合肥力较低的主要原因;土壤综合肥力系数的排序为杉木×鹅掌楸>杉木×枫香>杉木纯林>杉木×桤木。该研究可为闽北山地杉木及其混交林分的培育和经营管理提供参考。     

成分对温压成形Reed／Cu／PE复合材料性能的影响

为进一步改善基于农林剩余物的木基复合粉末的温压成形综合性能,开发新型复合材料,以芦苇秆粉末（Reed）为基材、紫铜粉末（Cu）为强韧化因子、聚乙烯（PE）为紫铜粉末分散助剂,运用响应面试验法、三维立体数码显微镜、扫描电镜和电子万能材料实验机等方法和手段研究PE及Cu对温压成形Reed/Cu/PE复合材料性能的影响,对试件材料的性能与结构进行表征。结果表明：Reed/Cu/PE复合材料的最优温压成形工艺条件为,PE和Cu质量分数分别为10％和17％;制备的Reed/Cu/PE复合材料的静曲强度、表观硬度（HV）、吸水率和吸水厚度膨胀率分别达到了49．26、9．267 MPa、3．32％和4．35％。     

竹缠绕复合材料将成为人类社会生物经济发展时期的支柱产业

生物经济是人类继农业经济、工业经济、信息经济时代之后,推动人类文明进步的又一个划时代且影响深远的力量。生物质复合材料是生物经济的重要组成部分。2022年5月中国发布首个国家层面的生物经济发展战略——《“十四五”生物经济发展规划》,竹缠绕复合材料作为一种生物材料被列入规划,该规划指出：“培育壮大生物经济支柱产业,促进竹缠绕复合材料技术发展,推动在城市综合管廊等基础设施建设中示范应用。”此举对竹缠绕产业的健康快速发展具有深远意义。文章阐述了竹缠绕复合材料诞生的背景,作为生物经济支柱产业的优势、作用以及应用范畴,指出促进竹缠绕复合材料技术发展是产业发展战略的核心,并为此提出了建议。     

理化复合参数和神经网络结合的冬小麦长势遥感监测

准确、及时地监测区域作物长势状况对农业规划和政策的制定与调整具有重要的意义。遥感技术作为一种收集大面积作物长势信息的有效手段,正日益受到关注。为提高冬小麦长势遥感监测的准确性和全面性,该研究基于田间实测的冬小麦拔节期地上鲜生物量（aboveground fresh biomass,AFB）、叶面积指数（leaf area index,LAI）、叶片叶绿素相对含量（soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD）和叶片氮含量（leaf nitrogen content,LNC）4种生长相关理化参数,利用熵值法获取各参数权重构建冬小麦理化复合参数（physico-chemical composite parameter,PCCP）。利用显著性检验和籽粒产量数据分析复合参数在量化冬小麦长势方面的性能。然后,以Sentinel-2A作为数据源,分析不同遥感指数与LAI、SPAD、AFB、LNC和PCCP的相关性。选取相关性较高的遥感指数作为反向传播（back propagation,BP）人工神经网络（artificial neural networks,ANN）的输入,建立冬小麦长势遥感监测模型,对PCCP进行估计。评价模型精度并用于监测研究区冬小麦长势分布特征。赋权结果表明,作物物理参数的权重大于生化参数,其中LAI的权重最大,为0.387,AFB和SPAD次之,LNC的权重最小,为0.105;PCCP性能评估结果表明,与单一理化参数相比,PCCP值能更好地揭示作物长势状况的差异,其与最终籽粒产量的相关性更好, 决定系数提高0.035～0.468,均方根误差减少46.2～520.0 kg/hm²;在遥感监测过程中,PCCP比单一理化参数有更好的应用潜力,BP-ANN长势遥感监测模型模拟PCCP精度较高,在测试集中决定系数为0.830,均方根误差为0.080;研究区冬小麦总体长势稳定且分布集中,呈现"中部差,南北好"的空间分布特征。因此,构建作物理化复合参数用于量化作物长势是提高长势监测可靠性和准确性的一种有效方式,可为冬小麦田间管理提供科学依据,服务于发展智慧农业和建设农业强国的战略需求。     

新疆巩乃斯河中岛屿植物成分的组合结构

在新疆巩乃斯河中岛屿所设的3个样地54个样方中,共有62种植物,隶属于28个科,6个株生长型,3个根生长型,5个生活型,5个水分生态类型和5个饲用价值类型。其中,菊科和禾本科种类最多,各占14.5%,豆科占9.7%。株生长型结构以直立型种类最多,占50%。根生长型结构以直根型的种类最多,占56.5%。生活型结构以地下芽植物最多,占41.9%。水分生态类型结构以中生型种类最多,占59.7%。饲用价值类型结构以良等的种类为多,占22.6%。以上结论表明,巩乃斯河中岛屿植物群落具有如下特点:①生长型和生活型结构表明岛屿植物群落具有中温带草本群落植株和根系特点,也具有典型的地下芽植物气候特征。②水分生态型和饲用价值类型的统计分析说明,岛屿植物群落具有中生生境条件、饲用价值类型高的特征。     

季节冻土区刚柔混合衬砌梯形渠道冻胀机理试验

输水渠道冻胀破坏是寒冷地区渠道破坏的主要表现。为了探明刚柔混合衬砌渠道的冻胀机理,分析复合衬砌渠道的冻胀变形规律和冻胀过程中的水分变化规律,以及柔性复合土工膜的变形特征,该研究借助季节冻融条件下刚柔混合衬砌梯形渠道的原型观测成果,分析了刚柔混合衬砌渠道的最低地温变化规律、冻深变化规律和冻胀量与冻胀力的变化规律,重点研究了冻融条件下渠基土壤的水分迁移规律,以及复合土工膜的变形特征和强度变化。结果显示:刚柔混合衬砌渠道的冻胀变形最大值位于渠底和阴坡1/3处,最大冻胀量为11.2和13.1 cm,衬砌结构向上隆起。冻结期,渠基土壤0~60 cm深度范围内含水率随深度增加而增大,60~120 cm深度范围内的含水率随深度增大而逐渐减小。水分迁移最大值发生在渠道底部,迁移率为13.2%。经过一个冻融周期的循环,复合土工膜的强度和变形量仍然保持在90%以上,强度和变形损失值较小,可充分发挥复合土工膜防渗抗冻胀和适应变形的特性。该研究为刚柔混合衬砌渠道的设计、推广应用提供了理论依据。     

Genetic diversity in Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench accessions from different ecogeographical regions in Malawi assessed with RAPDs

Genetic variation within and among several Sorghum populations from different agroecological zones in Malawi were investigated using random amplified polymorphic markers (RAPDs). DNA samples from individual plants were analyzed using 35 oligonucleotides of random sequence. Twenty five of these primers allowed amplifications of random polymorphic (RAPD) loci. Overall, 52% of the scored loci were polymorphic. Every accession was genetically distinct. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that the within-region (among accessions) variations accounted for 96.43% of the total molecular variance. Observed variations in allelic frequency was not related to agroecological differences. The degree of band sharing was used to evaluate genetic distance between accessions and to construct a phylogenetic tree. Further analysis revealed that the sorghum accessions analyzed were genetically close despite considerable phenotypic diversity within and among them. It is suggested that all the sorghum landraces currently available in Malawi should be conserved both ex situ and in situ to maintain the current level of genetic diversity.