椰子组培研究四十年

组织培养对于椰子快速繁殖以及全球椰子产业发展具有重要意义。本文就40年来国内外在椰子组培快繁技术,包括椰子组培技术的重要性,不同外植体如胚芽、花序、子房等在组织培养中的应用与优劣,不同培养基和培育环境对组培效果的影响等要素,进行了详细的总结和讨论。同时总结了椰子组培快繁技术的进展,分析了目前限制椰子组培快繁技术发展的因素,提出了应对策略与具体建议。本文对椰子快繁技术及椰子种质资源保存具有参考价值。     

酸改性麦麸挂面配方的研究

为改善挂面制品的营养保健功能,研发谷物加工副产物的深加工产品,将经过超声波-酸解法改性处理后的麦麸粉添加到面粉中用于制作酸改性麦麸挂面。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定酸改性麦麸挂面的最优配方。结果表明,在面粉100 g的基础上,酸改性麦麸粉添加量为6%（相当于面粉质量的百分比）、水添加量为56%、食盐添加量为3.5%、食碱添加量为0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.4%,此条件下制得的挂面品质良好,且外观、适口性较好。     

中国椰子寒害及其对策研究

椰子是一种典型的热带作物，受低温天气影响椰树会出现严重的落裂果、叶片变黄甚至整株枯死的现象；大灾之后，各地采取了一系列抗灾救灾措施，并取得了明显成效。本文对受2008年初椰树寒害的区域性、品种耐寒性进行回顾，对3年来的抗寒救灾措施进行全面总结，并对今后中国椰子生产发展提出可行性建议。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

微波加热对米糠储藏性能和蛋白质溶解性的影响

研究了微波加热对于米糠5周储藏期间酸值和过氧化值及米糠蛋白溶解性的影响。结果表明，利用微波加热稳定米糠，可以有效降低酸值，防止水解酸败，同时也能降低过氧化值。     

基于NIR定量模型快速预测发酵麸皮中还原糖和可溶性蛋白成分的含量

为建立一种能快速预测发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的定量分析模型,本研究以发酵麦麸为样本,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法（3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS）和BCA蛋白浓度测定法分别测定样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量;利用近红外光谱技术（Near infrared spectrum instrument, NIR）结合偏最小二乘法（Partial least squares regression, PLS）,比较预处理方法、最佳波长及主成分因子的决定系数R²,建立发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的NIR快速检测定量模型。结果表明：1）发酵麦麸还原性糖定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为7时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.904 8,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为1.576 1,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为3.240 8;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.954 9且还原糖活性成分的验证集样本的测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.959 5>0.05。2）发酵麦麸可溶性蛋白定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为10时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.938 2,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为2.003,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为4.021 9;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.994 4,且可溶性蛋白活性成分的验证集样本测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.901 9>0.05。综上,建立的NIR光谱定量模型稳定性和准确性较好,且预测准确度良好,可用于快速预测发酵麦麸样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。     

热稳定脱脂米糠蛋白质碳水化合物酶-蛋白酶分步提取法酶的筛选和条件优化

热稳定脱脂米糠(HDRB)中蛋白质已严重变性,采用常规方法很难提取其中蛋白质。本研究其目的在于评价不同碳水化合物酶和蛋白质水解酶组合在HDRB蛋白质提取的作用,以及利用响应曲面方法优化蛋白质提取组合条件。结果发现使用果胶酶P-Ⅱ处理HDRB,继后对其残渣进行蛋白酶P处理,蛋白质提取率可达到80%。采用中心成分回归设计进一步对果胶酶P-Ⅱ、蛋白酶P、水糠比、温度、pH、提取时间进行RSM优化,最大蛋白质提取率可达到89%。本研究为合理利用米糠蛋白及利用米糠蛋白制备功能性短肽提供了可靠的方法。     

Reproductive season and female maturity size of coconut crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Birgus latro</Emphasis> on Hatoma Island,southern Japan

Information about reproductive season, size at sexual maturity and size-dependent reproductive potentials is important for efficient resource management. Such information is necessary to determine seasonal closures and minimum legal size limits. To conserve resources of coconut crab Birgus latro, which are in danger of extinction due to excessive exploitation, their reproductive season, female size at functional maturity and relationship between female size and reproductive potentials were investigated. The reproductive season started in early June and ended late August, and females with higher reproductive potentials showed a tendency to spawn early in the reproductive season. The prohibition of exploiting the resources during the reproductive season, especially early in the season, would be appropriate for sustainability of high reproductive outputs. Fifty percent of investigated females matured functionally at 24.5-mm thoracic length (TL). However, the size at which all females reached functional maturity was 32.3 mm TL, and there was a wide variation in the size of functional maturity among individuals. We must determine minimum legal size by taking the variation into account to allow all individuals to mate at least once before they are caught, which may prevent serious depression in reproductive rate and genetic diversity.