臭氧和紫外线对冰箱消毒的研究

家用冰箱存在着不同程度的细菌污染，必需对冰箱进行定期或不定期的消毒。经用载体法和平皿法研究发现，用紫外线对冰箱进行消毒是可行的，其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞有较强的杀灭作用，而且不会引起冰箱内温度升高。同时还可产生少量Ｑ，除去冰箱内异味，因此具有杀菌、抑菌、除臭保鲜的作用。     

甲苯侧链催化氯化产物分布的研究

研究了催化氯化的产物分布，试验了有关条件对产物分布的影响。结果表明：氯化程度是产物分布的主要影响因素；温度的提高，有利于苄叉二氯和苄川三氯的生成；铁离子、低温及水会导致环上的氯化；水引起水解的发生。     

试论含氯化肥的合理施用

根据氯对作物和土壤的影响,表明南方可以在各种作物的耐氯极限内施用含氯化肥,并需配合施用石灰和含钙磷肥;而北方旱区,特别是西北地区合理施用含氯化肥应根据每茬作物吸收带走的氯量,确定一个轮作周期内施用含氯化肥的量,保持土壤氯素的平衡,不致使土壤盐渍化。氯化铵可以就近施用,缺钾作物也能以含氯钾肥予以补充。此即本文所述氮素平衡施肥原理。     

鸡蛋消毒方法的对比研究

采用5种消毒方法对鸡蛋蛋壳表面细菌进行杀菌效果试验,结果表明,各处理组之间抑菌效果差异显著(P＜0.05),杀菌效果优劣依次为开水浸烫＞甲醛熏蒸＞过氧乙酸熏蒸＞高锰酸钾浸泡＞过氧乙酸浸泡,开水浸烫操作技术难度较大,容易引起蛋壳破裂,适宜实际生产的消毒方法为过氧乙酸熏蒸和甲醛熏蒸.将消毒处理后的鸡蛋在温度25℃,相对湿度60%～80%贮存20天,开水浸烫处理组鸡蛋仍保持较鲜的品质,其余各组鸡蛋品质较差.结果表明,常规消毒方法(除开水浸烫法)只能抑制蛋壳表面微生物的生长繁殖,不能延缓鸡蛋品质下降达到保鲜鸡蛋的作用.     

苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘处理效果研究

为了验证苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘的处理效果和安全性,试验设计了常规高锰酸钾消毒和苗盘烟雾消毒2种方法,结果表明:苗盘烟雾消毒方法省工省时,药剂用量和耗水量少,对烤烟苗盘有着较好的消毒效果,且对烟苗生长没有负面作用。     

过氧化氢和甲醛对SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室消毒效果观察

目的比较观察过氧化氢和甲醛对SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室内表面、台面以及空气的消毒效果,选择消毒效果良好的消毒剂。方法采用空气落下菌检测法和表面细菌拭子检测法,对过氧化氢和甲醛熏蒸SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室的消毒效果进行检测观察。结果SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室分别经过氧化氢和甲醛熏蒸消毒后,进行空气落下菌的检测,过氧化氢和甲醛对大鼠繁殖室和小鼠繁殖室空气的杀菌率分别为100%、97.5%和100%、100%;将墙壁、地面和笼架表面的菌落数进行检测,过氧化氢和甲醛对大鼠繁殖室墙壁、地面和笼架的杀菌率分别为100%、99%、100%和95%、100%、99%,对小鼠繁殖室墙壁、地面和笼架的杀菌率均为100%。结论过氧化氢蒸汽消毒是比较理想的消毒方法,很好地控制了SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室环境微生物,安全性高且消毒效果明显。     

纳米TiO_2对鸡肉源微生物的光催化抑菌效果研究

[目的]研究不同作用因素对纳米TiO_2的光催化活性影响,为纳米TiO_2光催化杀菌技术的开发与应用提供参考。[方法]以菌液初始浓度、光照强度和纳米TiO_2浓度为主要变量因素,研究不同因素条件下纳米TiO_2对鸡肉源微生物P.fluorescens和M.caseolyticus的光催化抑菌作用效果。[结果]纳米TiO_2浓度增加对P.fluorescens和M.caseolyticus的抑菌作用呈先升高后降低的趋势,最佳浓度值为0.4 g/L;增高光照强度,降低初始菌液浓度,纳米TiO_2的光催化抑菌效果增强;相同试验条件下,纳米TiO_2对P.fluorescens和M.caseolyticus的光催化抑菌作用一致,对M.caseolyticus的抑菌率始终低于P.fluorescens。[结论]M.caseolyticus对纳米TiO_2的光催化作用比P.fluorescens更加敏感。     

Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas in reducing Escherichia coli and Salmonella from broiler house environments

Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are considered to be the major pathogens associated with human transmissible infectious diseases in the air of poultry houses. Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) is an effective biocide against a wide range of microorganisms. Accordingly, this study investigated the efficiency of gaseous ClO₂ application for disinfecting broiler houses by collecting air samples before and after fumigation using a passive method. Fumigation was performed with 125 mL or 250 mL of ClO₂ liquid (containing 2,000 ppm of ClO₂) and 3 trials were conducted for each dose. A total of 27 petri dishes were used for each trial (for each type of bacteria: E. coli or Salmonella) and placed in 3 different locations (front, middle and back) and 3 different positions (top, middle and floor) of the broiler shed. Air samples were collected at 10 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h before and after fumigation to evaluate the air quality in terms of the concentration of E. coli and Salmonella. Both levels of ClO₂ were capable of reducing the concentration of E. coli from broiler house air during all measuring periods except 10 min, with highest disinfection rate being observed at 6 h. With the exception of 1 h, the concentration of Salmonella was also reduced after fumigation with ClO₂ in all measuring period; with the highest disinfection rate occurring at 6 h. Fumigation with ClO₂ had no negative effect on birds’ health condition. Taken together, these results suggest that the application of gaseous ClO₂ at the investigated levels can be an effective option for reducing bacterial load from broiler house environments.