养分胁迫对油菜碳酸酐酶活性的影响

对养分胁迫下油菜中碳酸酐酶活性和叶绿素含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明:缺乏氮磷钾素时,油菜的碳酸酐酶活性和叶绿素含量均有所下降;氮磷钾缺乏对油菜的生长也有不同程度的影响。     

Carbonic anhydrase and Na/K-ATPase activities at different molting stages of the giant freshwater prawn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, the role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and Na/K-ATPase in the gill and epidermal tissues in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was examined as a function of molting stage. CA activity levels in the front and back gills were low at the intermolt stage C₀, but increased significantly at premolt stage D₃, and then decreased after molting. In the epidermal tissue, activity levels decreased gradually towards premolt to a minimum level at stage D₃, but became elevated at postmolt stages A and B. Na/K-ATPase levels in the front and back gills did not change significantly during the molt cycle. CA in the gill is possibly involved in supplying counter-ions for ion uptake, while CA in the epidermal tissue may play a role in mineralizing the exoskeleton after ecdysis. Na/K-ATPase in the gills may function in ion uptake from the ambient medium; however, since its activity was not influenced by the molt cycle, it probably does not have a major role in osmoregulation in the freshwater environment.     

不同种类微生物及其碳酸酐酶对土壤-灰岩系统钙镁锌元素迁移作用的土柱模拟实验研究

通过土柱模拟实验研究了筛选自西南岩溶区的典型细菌、真菌、放线菌对石灰岩的溶蚀动态及作用效果,并研究了这3种类群微生物及其碳酸酐酶(CA)对土壤-灰岩系统Ca、Mg、Zn元素迁移的影响。结果表明:①实验所用的典型细菌、真菌、放线菌均对石灰岩有较强的溶蚀作用,但是不同类群的微生物对石灰岩的溶蚀效果不同,溶蚀后石灰岩的表面形貌变化不同,其中,真菌的溶蚀效果最显著,放线菌和细菌次之;②典型细菌、真菌、放线菌对不同元素迁移的影响不同,对于Zn2 、Ca2 的迁移影响而言,真菌>放线菌>细菌>无菌对照组;对于Mg2 的迁移影响而言,细菌>真菌>放线菌>无菌对照组;③一定范围内温度增加对Ca、Mg、Zn3种元素的迁移有不同程度的促进作用;④土柱淋出液中CA平均活性与Ca、Mg、Zn3种元素的总淋失量之间存在一定的正相关关系,说明CA对这3种元素的迁移具有一定的影响,且因不同元素而异。本研究结果对于评价不同类群微生物在生物岩溶及岩溶系统元素迁移中的作用和地位提供了一定的科学依据。     

盐度突变对凡纳滨对虾组织碳酸酐酶活性的影响

采用改进的△pH法检测凡纳滨对虾组织碳酸酐酶活性,监测了环境盐度从5突变到25后对虾鳃和触角腺组织碳酸酐酶活性及其血淋巴渗透浓度的动态变化。结果表明:(1)鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性在盐度突变后4 d内没有显著变化,活性水平在(21.68±1.25)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第5~11天有显著性的增高现象,在第10天活性最高,为(43.03±2.82)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第12天回落至起始水平;(2)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性动态变化的模式与鳃相似,起始增高时间比鳃晚6 d;(3)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性显著增高起始的时间与鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性开始显著下降的时间有关联性;(4)在低盐度时,凡纳滨对虾属于强高渗调变生物。     

Effect of root applied 28-homobrassinolide on the performance of Lycopersicon esculentum

The roots of 20 days old seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at the time of their transplantation, were dipped in 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁶ or 10⁻⁵ M of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) for 15, 30 or 45 min and were allowed to grow in earthen pots, in a net house. The leaves of the plants, at days 30 and 60, possessed elevated quantities of nitrate reductase (NR), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the contents of chlorophyll. The values for all the above characteristics were significantly higher than that of the water-fed control. The fruits borned at the treated plants were more in number and possessed a lower quantity of ascorbic acid than the control. Moreover, the fruits at ripening, had higher levels of lycopene and β-carotene. Among the treatments, 15 min feeding of 10⁻⁸ M HBR proved best.     

低浓度CO_2诱导对小麦光合功能的影响

 以普通栽培小麦为材料 ,分析了低浓度 CO2 (15 0～ 180 μl/ L)处理下叶片光合性能的变化。结果表明 ,处理2 4h内碳同化速率明显增加 ,与之同步增加的还有碳酸酐酶 (carbonic anhydrase,CA)活性和叶肉导度。加入放线菌酮可以抑制 CA活性和光合放氧速率的增加 ,表明这一过程中涉及到了蛋白质合成量的增加 ,CA的专一性抑制剂 -AZA处理也起到了同样的作用 ,说明 CA活性的上升是光合速率增加的主要原因。最后还讨论了这种低浓度 CO2 诱导效应与下部叶片光合速率以及高产之间的关系。     

锌铜处理对苹果属植物叶内碳酸酐酶活性的影响

通过室内外试验,观测了锌、铜处理对苹果属植物叶内碳酸酐酶(CA酶)活性的效应和锌处理对叶内锌、铜、磷、钙、铁含量韵影响。结果表明:在甜茶实生苗和苹果幼苗水培中,锌0.5mg·1~(-1)处理的CA酶活性最高;加入到苹果幼苗酶提取液中的波尔多液(1:2:160)明显抑制CA酶活性,而硫酸铜溶液(160倍)只有微弱的抑制作用,在幼苗叶上喷波尔多液对CA酶活性有一定的抑制作用;在红星苹果大树上喷施锌肥对叶内的CA酶活性无显著影响;梯度锌水培和新梢速长期叶面喷锌的处理都显著或极显着改变和提高了叶内含锌量,但对铁、铜、钙含量影响较小。对叶内锌含量与CA酶活性的关系和波尔多液对CA酶活性的抑制原因进行了讨论。     

Cadmium-Containing Carbonic Anhydrase CDCA1 in Marine Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii

The Carbon Concentration Mechanism (CCM) allows phytoplakton species to accumulate the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) necessary for an efficient photosynthesis even under carbon dioxide limitation. In this mechanism of primary importance for diatoms, a key role is played by carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of CO₂, thus taking part in the acquisition of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis. A novel CA, named CDCA1, has been recently discovered in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. CDCA1 is a cambialistic enzyme since it naturally uses Cd²⁺ as catalytic metal ion, but if necessary can spontaneously exchange Cd²⁺ to Zn²⁺. Here, the biochemical and structural features of CDCA1 enzyme will be presented together with its putative biotechnological applications for the detection of metal ions in seawaters.     

光质对组培苗叶绿素含量和碳酸酐酶活性及生长的影响

以十字花科植物诸葛菜和油菜组培苗为试材,研究4种不同光质对组培苗叶绿素含量、碳酸酐酶活性和生长量的影响,结果表明：红蓝混合光能明显促进组培苗叶片叶绿素含量和碳酸酐酶活性,植株形态建成最佳,但是对生长量没有显著影响;认为红蓝混合光（灯）能提高组培苗的光合自养能力,适合作为组培室光源。