Effect of Different Bioassay Methods on Enzymatic Characteristics of Cotton Aphid,Aphis gossypfi Glover （Hemiptera：Aphididae）

In this study, the susceptibility of three populations of cotton aphid, Aph＆ gossypii Glover （Hemiptera：Aphididae） was assayed to imidacloprid （35SC） and thiametoxam （50WG）. The involvement of metabolic enzymes in the resistance strain of cotton aphid to the neonicotinoids was determined by the biochemical biomarkers and the resistance mechanism was determined as CaE. In another study, three different bioassay experiments were designed for detecting the susceptibility of cotton aphid to imidacloprid and thiametoxam and the effect of these two insecticides on the enzymatic activity of cotton aphid was assessed in the adult aphids treated with three different bioassay methods using a modified version of the FAO dip test, residue bioassay procedure and starvation method. Our findings suggested that the type of bioassay methods is very important when aphids＇ populations assess for the resistance against the neonicotinod insecticides. It has shown the starvation method is the most reliable method compared with other methods.     

Comparison of N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and three cardiac biomarkers for discriminatory ability of clinical stage in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Plasma N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) concentration increases with progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs. This multicentre, prospective study compared plasma NT-proANP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), ANP, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in dogs with MMVD for their characteristics and discriminatory ability to detect cardiac dilatation and congestive heart failure (CHF). Thirty-six healthy dogs and 69 dogs with MMVD were included. Clinical variables were obtained via physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. The discriminatory ability of each cardiac biomarker (CB) to determine the presence or absence of cardiac dilatation (event 1) and CHF (event 2) was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curves. Plasma NT-proANP, NT-proBNP, and ANP concentrations showed a significant association with the left atrium/aorta ratio (P<0.01). The area under the curve of plasma NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations were 0.72 and 0.75, respectively in event1 and 0.72 and 0.76, respectively in event2. Plasma NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations showed sensitivity 80.0 and 80.0%; specificity 67.6 and 64.7% in event1 (cutoff value; 8,497.81 pg/ml and 1,453.00 pmol/l, respectively) and sensitivity 85.7 and 81.0%; specificity 60.4 and 64.6% in event2 (cutoff value; 8,684.33 pg/ml and 1,772.00 pmol/l, respectively). In dogs with MMVD, plasma NT-proANP, NT-proBNP, and ANP concentrations increase with left atrial enlargement. Particularly, plasma NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations appeared to be equally useful in the discriminatory ability to detect cardiac dilatation and CHF.     

A scoping review of autoantibodies as biomarkers for canine autoimmune disease

BackgroundAutoantibody biomarkers are valuable tools used to diagnose and manage autoimmune diseases in dogs. However, prior publications have raised concerns over a lack of standardization and sufficient validation for the use of biomarkers in veterinary medicine.ObjectivesSystematically compile primary research on autoantibody biomarkers for autoimmune disease in dogs, summarize their methodological features, and evaluate their quality; synthesize data supporting their use into a resource for veterinarians and researchers.AnimalsNot used.MethodsFive indices were searched to identify studies for evaluation: PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, Agricola, and SCOPUS. Two independent reviewers (AET and ELC) screened titles and abstracts for exclusion criteria followed by full‐text review of remaining articles. Relevant studies were classified based on study objectives (biomarker, epitope, technique). Data on study characteristics and outcomes were synthesized in independent data tables for each classification.ResultsNinety‐two studies qualified for final analysis (n = 49 biomarker, n = 9 epitope, and n = 34 technique studies). A high degree of heterogeneity in study characteristics and outcomes reporting was observed. Opportunities to strengthen future studies could include: (1) routine use of negative controls, (2) power analyses to inform sample sizes, (3) statistical analyses when appropriate, and (4) multiple detection techniques to confirm results.ConclusionsThese findings provide a resource that will allow veterinary clinicians to efficiently evaluate the evidence supporting the use of autoantibody biomarkers, along with the varied methodological approaches used in their development.     

镉胁迫对拟南芥幼苗形态生理和错配修复相关基因表达的影响研究

以拟南芥为供试材料,从形态指标、生理指标、分子指标3个层次研究了镉（Cd）的毒理效应,筛选Cd敏感生物标记物。分子指标的研究以18S rRNA为看家基因, 错配修复基因MutS 2 homolog（atMSH2）, atMSH3,atMSH7,细胞增殖核抗原1 和2（atPCNA1和atPCNA2）为检测目的基因,采用半定量反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术研究Cd胁迫对上述错配修复相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,不同浓度（0、0.125、0.25、1.0、3.0 mg·L^-1）Cd 处理7 d后,根长随Cd胁迫强度的增加而降低; 0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下,地上部可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,而在0.25、1.0和3.0 mg·L^-1 Cd时降低,但仍高于对照;幼苗叶片数、地上部鲜重、叶绿素含量变化与对照相比差异均不显著。地上部atMSH2,atPCNA1,atPCNA2基因表达量的变化与Cd胁迫浓度呈明显的倒U字型关系,分别在0.125,0.25和0.125 mg·L^-1 Cd时达到最大值。以上结果表明,地上部可溶性蛋白含量变化与上述3个错配修复相关基因表达量的改变趋势相符,且均对Cd污染胁迫较敏感,可以作为检测Cd污染及其相关生物学效应的潜在生物标记物。     

土壤微生物多样性研究方法的进展

对土壤微生物的4类研究方法即:传统微生物培养法、微生物标记物法、BIOLOGGN微平板法和微生物分子生物技术方法及其应用特点进行了简要的评述和分析,旨在通过比较寻求能够揭示土壤微生物群落结构的最佳方法。分子生物技术方法与传统研究方法等相结合将是大力推动土壤微生物研究的有效方式。     

土壤铅污染对蚯蚓体腔细胞溶酶体的毒性效应

以蚯蚓溶酶体膜的稳定性作为亚细胞水平的生物标志物,研究土壤铅污染的毒性效应。将赤子爱胜蚓（Eiseniafetida）暴露于不同浓度乙酸铅染毒的人工土壤,染毒浓度为60、120、480、2400mg·kg^-1,测定蚯蚓体腔细胞溶酶体的中性红保留时间（NRRT）。结果表明,染毒6d后,480mg·kg^-1及2400mg·kg^-1剂量组,NRRT显著下降,抑制率分别为63.06%、68.61%;60mg·kg^-1及120mg·kg^-1剂量组,溶酶体膜稳定性变化不大。染毒14d后,各染毒组NRRT显著低于对照组,抑制率分别为49.43%、56.29%、68.57%、77.14%。将赤子爱胜蚓暴露于沈阳市青年公园、劳动公园、友谊宾馆、冶炼厂原址的现场土壤样品中,随着蚯蚓与土壤接触时间的增加,中性红保留时间逐渐降低,14d后各采样点蚯蚓的中性红保留时间关系为冶炼厂原址〈青年公园〈劳动公园〈友谊宾馆,与土壤铅含量的大小变化相吻合,其中冶炼厂原址差异最为显著,NRRT抑制率为92.55%,表明土壤重金属铅污染对土壤生态系统存在潜在的毒害。     

低浓度Zn对幼龄鲫鱼肝脏组织应激蛋白HSP70诱导的影响

选择鲫鱼(Carassiusauratus)作为受试生物,经过40dZn2+不同浓度的暴露后,运用SDS-PAGE和WesternBlot-ting方法检测了鱼肝脏组织内应激蛋白HSP70的诱导表达情况。结果表明,在各试验浓度下,与对照组相比,Zn2+对鱼肝脏内HSP70有显著的诱导(P<0.05)。试验中还发现,在试验浓度低于国家渔业用水标准时,HSP70相对于对照组仍然表现为明显诱导(P<0.05),充分说明分子生物学指标要比传统的环境检测指标敏感,对污染物早期具有预警的作用。