Effects of Large Saddle Panels on the Biomechanics of the Equine Back During Rising Trot: Preliminary Results

The saddle panels, directly in contact with the horse's back, are likely an important element to optimize the fitting of the saddle, the comfort of the horse, and subsequently, the pain management in dorsalgic horses. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of the saddle panels on the horse's back, by evaluating a prototype saddle (comfort panels: CP) compared to a standard saddle (STD). The horse's back movements were measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs) fixed at the levels of thoracic vertebrae T6, T12, T16 (under the saddle) and lumbar vertebrae L2 and L5. The centers of mass (COMs) of the horse and the rider and limb's protraction-retraction angles, pressure between saddle and horse's back, and force on the stirrups were measured using respectively 2D motion capture, pressure mat and force sensors in the stirrup leather. Three horses were trotted at the rising trot (sitting: left diagonal-rider seated; standing: right diagonal-rider standing) by the same rider. To compare saddles, linear mixed-effects regression models were used. The estimated means (SE) were calculated. During sitting phase, pressure in the cranial and middle areas of the saddle significantly increased for CP compared to STD (+0.9 (0.2) kPa and +1.0 (0.1) kPa, respectively) whereas caudal pressure decreased (−1.8 (0.4) kPa). Concurrently, the range of motion of angles T12-T16 and T16-L2 under the saddle significantly increased (+1.8 (0.2)° and +2.3 (0.3)°, respectively). The results showed that modifications of the panels' shape not only affect the pressure distribution but also the kinematics of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the equine back.     

对书写工具的选择与预防近视的认识和建议

从字迹是视觉信号这个角度来说,中小学生写字时最好使用较软质的铅笔或用钢笔。如果说低头歪头写字达不到书写＂三个一＂的要求,是孩子们＂喜欢低头歪头＂,那么众多家庭从孩子小的时候就手把手地教孩子怎样握笔写字、上学后老师又是那么耐心地教学生如何正确执笔书写,反而还有如此多的学生还是很难达到书写＂三个一＂的要求呢？     

加入WTO对反腐败斗争的影响及对策思考

加入世贸组织总体上对我国的反腐败斗争是有利的。但由于西方国家对我国进行外部渗透和影响的机会增多;我国经济、政治等体制改革的不彻底;入世初期的接轨工作难以到位;高智化、国际化、团伙化的犯罪特点;新一轮资产重组等原因，存在着腐败滋生蔓延的必然条件，新的腐败犯罪的高发期还可能出现。为此，我们要坚持依法治国，加强法律、法规建设，加快政治体制改革，强化办案职能，严肃查处各种腐败犯罪，加大对国有资产监管的力度，依法治权，依法行政，完善党内各项运行机制，从源头上预防和治理腐败;加强思想教育，提高党员干部素质，增强拒腐防变的能力，自觉抑制腐败;密切国际间的相互协调与合作，共同打击腐败。     

浅谈成人应用文写作教学的基本原则

成人应用文写作教学应结合成人特点，认真贯彻科学性与思想性相结合、理论与实际相结合、智力因素与非智力因素相结合、统一要求与因材施教相结合等基本教学原则，切实提高教学效果。     

大别山-桐柏山地区杀虫性植物资源调查初报

大别山、桐柏山属于亚热带向暖温带过渡地气候 ,是植物区系的交接过渡地带 ,既有亚热带典型的代表型 ,又体现着过渡性的特征。能产生具有杀虫活性的次生代谢产物的植物即杀虫性植物。通过广泛调查、采集与鉴定 ,大别山—桐柏山地区分布有杀虫性植物 72科 138种     

安徽省城市化发展的历史回顾

本文系统回顾了建国前安徽省城镇发展的历史概祝，分析了建国后安徽省城市化的发展阶段及其主要特征，并提出了安徽省城市化发展中存在的一些问题。     

二阶拟线性椭圓型Euler方程组解的Pohozaev型恒等式及其应用

本文对于二阶椭圆型Euler方程组 -∑D_αF_(q_α~i)(x,u,Du)+F_(ui)(x,u,Du)=0得到了一些积分恒等式,利用这些恒等式证明了某些方程组非平凡解的不存在性。     

规范科技论文写作提高投稿的命中率

根据编辑学、语法修辞学理论,针对科技论文手稿中在论文结构、语言表达等方面存在的比较普遍的问题进行分析,并明确规范用法,旨在使科技论文作者撰写论文时注意养成良好的写作习惯,不断提高写作水平,从而提高论文质量,提高投稿命中率.     

设施油桃根系的生理生化代谢动态

研究了设施栽培条件下曙光油桃根系的碳氮物质代谢、POD和SOD活性的动态变化。结果表明,在新根的生长季节,根系中可溶性糖、蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸总量、POD、SOD活性的变化与新根的生长具有相同的趋势,淀粉则相反。粗根的淀粉、可溶性糖含量、POD活性高于细根,而蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸总量和SOD活性则变化较大。