苹果试管苗不定根起源及其发育状况的研究

利用光学和扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明,经琼脂生根培养基诱导产生的长富—2苹果 (Malus pumila Mill.) 试管苗的不定根起源于维管形成层。这种不定根发育不良,根表面缺乏根毛,内部解剖构造为典型的初生结构。为避免因不定根吸收、运输能力差而影响试管苗移栽成活,宜采用通透性良好的基质进行瓶内或瓶外生根,可诱导出优质不定根。     

5龄蚕立体条桑育研究

研究了5龄立体饲育架制作，条桑收获及饲养技术，明确了全年采用立体条桑育对蚕茧产质量及桑树秋末生长的关系，条桑收获及饲育是一项省工高效的养蚕技术。     

SH系砧木及对应中间砧红富士苹果枝条水分输导阻力研究

为进一步揭示砧木的矮化机理 ,以SH系矮化砧木及相应中间砧红富士苹果为试材 ,在生长季测定砧木枝条及嫁接部位的水分输导阻力。结果表明 ,SH系砧木枝条及嫁接部位的水分输导阻力 ,随砧木矮化程度的升高而增大 ,表明水分输导阻力的增加 ,是导致嫁接树矮化的原因之一。     

Effect of various plant factors on the expression of creeping-rootedness in lucerne (Medicago sativa L. complex)

Although agronomically interesting, selection of creeping-rootedness inlucerne, that is, the ability to form adventitious shoots on horizontal,spreading roots, remains difficult because of the complex and still unclear geneticcontrol of this character, coupled with the possible occurrence of external factorsthat affect unpredictably its expression. Two experiments were undertaken onprogenies of creeping-rooted plants, to verify previous findings and inferences,and test novel hypotheses, concerning the effect of various plant factors on theexpression of creeping-rootedness. The ultimate aim was to provide information onthe most appropriate germplasm, procedures, or indirect selection criteria, that wouldimprove the efficiency of breeding for this character. The factors here examinedincluded genotype, age, kind of progeny, vigour, spreading ability, and undergroundmorphology. Some genotypes appeared to be good donors of the character, whereasothers did not. The proportion of creeping-rooted plants increased in allcases with the plant age. Selfing consistently depressed the expression ofthe character compared with clonal propagation or crossing. It is suggestedthat the effect of age and selfing on the penetrance of creeping-rootedness ismediated through their effect on plant vigour. Both aerial and root vigour showedindeed an effect per se on the presence of the character. Beside thevigour, possible indirect selection criteria were identified in the frequenciesof swollen zones and latent stem primordia on horizontal roots. Proportion ofcreeping-rooted plants in progenies after one year of growth appeared as a simple anduseful criterion to predict future trends. Consistent with previous conclusions, theresults provided evidence that a combination of family and individualselection may enhance the character expression.     

Preliminary results of using in vitro axillary and adventitious buds in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry

Summary Aseptically cultured shoots of Chinese gooseberry exhibited growth disorder and morphological aberrances, and some died after being exposed to sufficient gamma-ray irradiation. The death rate was dose dependant and the LD₅₀ was 80–90 Gy and 50–60 Gy respectively for cv. Hayward and clone 4. All petiole explants irradiated with gamma-ray could form calli as the control, but the rate of differentiation of adventitious shoots of the petiole explants decreased and was dependant on dose. Sensitivity of the shoot or petiole explants to gamma-ray irradiation varied with species. Gamma-ray irradiation did not deter either the 2-node segments from producing axillary shoots M₁, M₂, and M₃ or the advantitious shoots originating in the petiole explants and the M₃ shoots from forming advantitious roots. Therefore, using aseptically cultured axillary or adventitious buds for mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry is feasible. A bacterium surviving in the explants lessened the efficiency of these two in vitro techniques in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry.Abbreviations IAA 3-indole acetic acid - IBA -indole butyric acid - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962)     

Seasonal pattern of shoot emergence and its endogenous control in horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.)

Controlling established horsenettle plants is achieved by suppressing shoot emergence from root systems. The seasonal pattern of shoot emergence and its possible endogenous control in horsenettle ( Solanum carolinense L.) were investigated. The shoot emergence period in an undisturbed population was limited to a seven-week period from mid-April, and a little longer in tilled conditions. Detached roots showed very high shoot-sprouting ability under 15–30°C throughout the year. In shoot clipping experiments, new shoots sprouted only from the stem and not from the root when attached to shoots, whether above-ground or underground. On the contrary, new shoots sprouted from the roots when all parts of the shoots were clipped off. From these results, the limited shoot emergence period in horsenettle is thought to be initiated by temperatures necessary for sprouting and is ended by a growth correlation effect between early emerged and matured shoots.     

基于改进YOLOv8n的茶叶嫩稍检测方法

针对名优茶智能采摘中茶叶嫩梢识别精度不足的问题,该研究对YOLOv8n模型进行优化。首先,在主干网络中引入动态蛇形卷积（dynamic snake convolution,DSConv）,增强模型对茶叶嫩梢形状信息的捕捉能力;其次,将颈部的路径聚合网络（path aggregation network,PANet）替换为加权双向特征金字塔网络（bi-directional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）,强化模型的特征融合效能;最后,在颈部网络的每个C2F模块后增设了无参注意力模块（simple attention module,SimAM）,提升模型对茶叶嫩梢的识别关注度。试验结果表明,改进后的模型比原始模型的精确率（precision,P）、召回率（recall,R）、平均精确率均值（mean average precision,mAP）、F1得分（F1 score,F1）分别提升了4.2、2.9、3.7和3.3个百分点,推理速度为42 帧/s,模型大小为6.7 MB,满足低算力移动设备的部署条件。与Faster-RCNN、YOLOv5n、YOLOv7n和YOLOv8n目标检测算法相比,该研究提出的改进模型精确率分别高出57.4、4.4、4.7和4.2个百分点,召回率分别高出53.0、3.6、2.8和2.9个百分点,平均精确率均值分别高出58.9、5.0、4.6和3.7个百分点,F1得分分别高出了56.8、3.9、3.7和3.3个百分点,在茶叶嫩梢检测任务中展现出了更高的精确度和更低的漏检率,能够为名优茶的智能采摘提供算法参考。     

夏威夷菠萝高效再生体系研究

采用菠萝试管苗的叶片、叶鞘、茎段和茎薄片作外植体,以MS或1/2 MS为基本培养基,应用正交试验设计方法研究了不同浓度的2,4-D、6-BA、NAA和AgNO3对夏威夷菠萝不定芽的诱导效果,并在添加不同激素组合的培养基中进行芽的增殖和生根培养研究.结果表明,茎段为诱导不定芽的最佳外植体,6-BA是影响不定芽产生的最主要因素.其中MS 6-BA 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L AgNO3 2.0 mg/L为不定丛芽诱导的最佳培养基,诱导率为83.3%;MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L为芽增殖的最佳培养基,可分化成绿色小苗;1/2 MS IBA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L为小苗生根的最佳培养基,生根粗壮,生根率达100%.     

黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因转化辣椒的研究

以辣椒品种'B162'为试材,探讨了通过根癌农杆菌介导法将黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白(CMV-CP)基因转化辣椒的适宜条件.结果表明,将辣椒带柄子叶进行预培养2 d后,用D600 nm为0.3的根癌农杆菌菌液浸泡7 min,再经过共培养2 d后转移到筛选分化培养基中进行培养,有利于获得辣椒抗性不定芽.通过对获得的10株抗性不定芽进行PCR检测,其中有2株扩增出目的条带,初步证明CMV-CP基因已经转入辣椒不定芽中.