Moth sex-pheromone biosynthesis is inhibited by the herbicide diclofop

Pheromones of nocturnal moths are derived from fatty acids produced as a result of the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This timely production is initiated in nocturnal moths by a tropic peptide, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide released into the hemolymph. In monocotyledonous plants, specific plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by herbicides that target the eukaryotic form of the enzyme. We report evidence that these herbicides can also target pheromone biosynthesis by a moth, thereby implicating the acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a key regulatory enzyme in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway. These findings, whilst indicating the possible action of such herbicides on non-target organisms, also suggest a novel alternative method of insect pest management, which precludes sex-pheromone production and mating success, thereby reducing insect population growth.     

张仲景论治胸痹思想探析

张仲景论治胸痹具有独到认识,概括起来有如下4个方面：阳微阴弦,以定虚实之机;虚瘀相因,以分标本之型;五脏相关,以论和调之治;遣方施药,以明复阳之效。张仲景立足阳微阴弦的脉象角度,着重从虚实进行致痹阐述,创立以宣痹通阳为主的温通之法,对现代中医的临床运用有着重要的学术价值和指导意义。     

农业院校非英语专业学生口语僵化的激活实验研究

非英语专业大学生英语口语中的语言僵化是一个普遍现象。本文通过教学实践和调查具体分析了大学生口语僵化的原因，从而制定出了口语激活策略，从教学理念、教学方法和考试模式三个方面进行改革。通过一年的教学实践，学生在口语表达时的流利程度、语法词汇的正确使用和交际能力方面都有了显著的提高，而且综合英语能力也有很大提高。实验结果证明，非英语专业大学生的口语僵化是可以被激活的。     

强源活库优米栽培对华南广适型超级稻产量的影响

【目的】探明强源活库优米栽培技术对华南广适型超级稻产量的影响,即通过强化叶片"源"的功能和籽粒"库"的活性来提高华南广适型超级稻产量。【方法】以5个华南广适型超级稻品种"胜泰1号"、"玉香油占"、"桂农占"、"合美占"和"丰美占"为材料,设置强源活库优米栽培技术(简称强源活库栽培)和常规高产栽培技术(简称常规高产栽培)2个处理,通过大田试验研究栽培技术对华南广适型超级稻品种产量和物质生产特性的影响。【结果】与常规高产栽培技术相比较,强源活库栽培技术显著提高了"胜泰1号"、"玉香油占"、"桂农占"、"合美占"和"丰美占"的实际产量,产量增幅为18.60%~26.23%,并且在强源活库栽培技术下,水稻干物质积累量、叶面积指数、生长发育后期的叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性及籽粒蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性均有提高,从而有利于高产形成。【结论】强源活库栽培技术可显著提高华南广适型超级稻的产量。     

兔胚胎培养液的血小板活化因子效应

将兔２细胞期或８～１６细胞期胚胎培养２４ｈ后的胚胎培养液分别注入去脾兔或去脾小鼠体内。注射后１２０ｍｉｎ内，均出现外周血中血小板数的明显减少。此现象是由于胚胎释放的某种活性物质引起的，该活性物质可能是血小板活化因子，经冷冻保存不丧失生物活性，且不存在种属差异     

Critical Discussion on Abortive Interspecific Crosses in Brassica

In most interspecific hybridization among diploid Brassica species (n = 8, 9, 10), few or no hybrids are obtained, and the three crosses of tetraploid (n = 17, 18, 19) by diploid species are usually only partially successful, especially in one of the reciprocal crosses. Such a cross-incompatibility complex is explained in this paper by a polar-nuclei activation (PNA) hypothesis which proposes two reversible functions, a normal reproduction and a sexual barrier, of double fertilization in higher plants. The first, i.e. the relative activating value (AV) of diploid species, was estimated as 1.0–3.5, whereas that of tetraploid species was 2.7–5.2. In addition, crosses with a polar nuclei activation index (AI) of about 15–87 % were compatible but those beyond the two limits were incompatible, 50 % of those showing normal seed development after self-pollination.     

铝钎剂中活性剂的研究

本文指出长期以来,众多研究者一直提到的铝钎剂的活性剂是重金属氯化物的说法是不够确切的。实际上,大多数重金属氯化物不能作为活性剂。同时指出氯化物标准生成自由能判据,仅仅表明取代反应能否正向进行,而不能说明该氯化物是否可以作为活性剂。本研究提出:液态时与铝形成双液层的组元,或者液态时与铝能互相溶解,但在二元合金状态图的非铝端,形成熔点较低共晶物的组元,这些组元的氯化物,原则上可以作铝钎剂的活性剂。     

Screening of Neutrophil Activating Factors from a Metagenome Library of Sponge-Associated Bacteria

Marine sponge-associated bacteria are known as bio-active compound produce. We have constructed metagenome libraries of the bacteria and developed a metagenomic screening approach. Activity-based screening successfully identified novel genes and novel enzymes; however, the efficiency was only in 1 out of 10⁴ clones. Therefore, in this study, we thought that bioinformatics could help to reduce screening efforts, and combined activity-based screening with database search. Neutrophils play an important role for the immune system to recognize excreted bacterial by-products as chemotactic factors and are recruited to infection sites to kill pathogens via phagocytosis. These excreted by-products are considered critical triggers that engage the immune system to mount a defense against infection, and identifying these factors may guide developments in medicine and diagnostics. We focused on genes encoding amino acid ligase and peptide synthetase and selected from an in-house sponge metagenome database. Cell-free culture medium of each was used in a neutrophil chemiluminescence assay in luminol reaction. The clone showing maximum activity had a genomic sequence expected to produce a molecule like a phospho-N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide by the metagenome fragment analysis.     

一种用水蒸气活化法制活性炭的立式活化炉设计

为了开发新型高效的水蒸气活化法制活性炭的活化设备,选择高铝耐火砖和耐高温、耐腐蚀的310S不锈钢为主要材料,设计一种机械自动匀速加料和出料的立式活化炉,在该活化炉的活化段四周设置冷炉预热用燃气烧嘴,在活化炉中安装多层活化圆盘和刮料耙叶,在活化圆盘上设置环形蒸汽管,并在蒸汽管上均匀开设小孔,使水蒸气与炭料均匀接触,利用活化炉的高温预热水蒸气,确保水蒸气与炭料的活化反应均匀高效。该活化炉具有占地面积小、自动连续加料和出料、活化产量较高的优点。     

健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂对小儿非感染性急性腹泻的干预效果

目的 观察健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻的干预效果。方法 选择我院门诊2012年3月～2015年9月期间收治113例非感染性腹泻患儿作为研究对象,对照组（35例）、单纯推拿组（38例）与观察组（40例）。对照组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂,单纯推拿组采取健脾按摩法,观察组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂联合健脾按摩法,比较三组治疗前后大便次数与大便性状症状积分、IL-6、IL-17、IgA、治愈率、总有效率、不良反应发生率。结果 对照组与单纯推拿组治愈率、总有效率比较无统计学意义;观察组治愈率、总有效率分别为82.5%、100.0%,高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P<0.05）。三组不良反应发生率及治疗前大便次数、大便性状评分、IL-6、IL-17及IgA水平差异的两两比较无统计学意义;治疗后观察组各项症候评分、IL-6、IL-17水平低于对照组与单纯推拿组,IgA高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P<0.05）。结论 健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻可调理胃肠菌群,健脾和胃、消食导滞,改善症状与机体消化功能与免疫功能,安全性与患儿接受度高。