甜叶菊种传病害防治方法的研究

采用种子处理方法可显著提高种子发芽率、降低发病率；其中以药剂浸种效果最好；药剂处理以多菌灵＋福美双和多菌灵两个配方最佳。     

奶牛乳房炎多联苗(B)的临床免疫试验

用奶牛乳房炎多联苗 (B)免疫家兔 ,14 d血清中金黄色葡萄球菌抗体效价可达 1∶ 8,2 8d抗体水平明显升高 ,可达 1∶ 32 ,注苗后 35 d攻毒 ,攻毒后 2 d保护率为 93.3% (14 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ,10 d保护率为 6 6 .6 % (10 /15 ) ,自然保护率为 2 0 % (1/5 ) ;用多联苗 (B)臀部肌肉注射免疫泌乳牛 ,试验期间 4个月内 ,3ml剂量组临床型乳房炎月平均发病率为 11.0 9% ,其对照组为 2 0 .19% ,发病率降低 4 5 .2 9% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;5 m l剂量组月平均发病率为 13.0 1% ,其对照组为 31.36 % ,发病率降低 5 8.5 1% ,差异极显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;3ml剂量组与 5 m l剂量组之间发病率无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;注苗后泌乳牛血清抗体水平可持续 4个月 ,且 30 d时效价水平最高。     

Identification ofTomato Mottle Taino Begomovirus strains in Cuban potato fields

The presence of a begomovirus in potato plants with yellow mottle symptoms was determined for the first time in Cuba. The incidence of typical begomovirus-like symptoms in potato plants in some regions of Havana province (Güira de Melena, San José de las Lajas, Güines and Boyeros) during the growing seasons from 1992 to 1998 was in general low. However, in some cultivars belonging to the National Program for Potato Genetic Improvement, the incidence reached 100%. Yield losses, determined in 1992 and 1994, ranged as high as 19% to 56.33% depending on the cultivar. Characterization of the causal agent was done by light microscopy, host range (graft and mechanical transmission), DNA hybridizations, polymerase chain reaction, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Nucleotide sequence of the amplified fragments revealed the presence ofTomato mottle Taino virus. The virus was transmittedvia tubers and has been detected in mixed infections withPotato virus X and withPotato leaf roll virus. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 20, 2003. The first two authors contributed equally to this work.     

果穗曝光对酿酒葡萄果实品质影响的研究进展

影响葡萄果实品质的因素很多,对于特定的葡萄产区而言,在大气候、小气候、土壤、品种等条件相对一定的前提下,通过改变栽培技术措施来改善果实区域微气候,从而提高果实品质显得尤为重要。简述了果实区域曝光,一项操作简便、高效,且能够实现机械化而备受国内外学者关注的新技术,在提高酿酒葡萄果实品质方面的研究概况,包括对总酚、花色苷、单宁等酚类物质含量、香气成分,尤其是甲氧基吡嗪类物质含量的影响。此外,就果穗曝光处理在调节葡萄产量、降低果穗紧实度从而减少病害发生率等方面进行了总结。以及该技术在我国农村劳动力不断减少,劳动力成本不断攀升,葡萄产业亟需集约化、机械化、简单化的大背景下的应用前景和研究方向进行了简要的分析。     

日本樱花褐斑穿孔病的发生和防治

日本樱花褐斑穿孔病主要危害樱花叶片,致使叶片大量提早脱落,严重影响树势。发病期在4～9月,7、8月发病率增加,9月病叶大量脱落。65％代森锌、75％百菌清（科能）、75％百菌清（达科宁）、50％多菌灵4种农药防治樱花褐斑穿孔病,4月底开始喷药,10d左右1次,共喷4次,防治效果分别达95．1％、91．0％、86．3％、76．1％,可以在生产中推广应用。     

Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.     

海南辣椒、樱桃番茄病毒病调查及病原dot-ELISA鉴定

[目的]调查和鉴定海南省辣椒和樱桃番茄病毒病发生情况和病毒种类,明确病毒病发生为害程度及毒源种类.[方法]2018—2019年,通过5点取样法对海南省10个市县的辣椒和樱桃番茄进行病毒症状类型、发病率和病情指数统计.采集辣椒和樱桃番茄主产区病毒病样本593份,通过斑点酶联免疫吸附法(dot-ELISA)对黄瓜花叶病毒(...     

番茄育种种质对南方根结线虫抗性评价及Mi-1基因检测

本研究以自育的26份番茄育种种质和抗南方根结线虫番茄品种‘仙客1号’及感南方根结线虫品种‘阿乃兹’为试验材料,采用病土盘栽自然发病鉴定、苗期二龄幼虫人工接种鉴定和PCR扩增及CAPS检测相结合的方法,研究供试材料对南方根结线虫的抗性水平及基因型。鉴定结果表明,供试的28份番茄材料中,高抗17份、抗病6份(包括抗病对照‘仙客1号’)、感病2份、高感3份(包括感病对照‘阿乃兹’),无免疫材料,且病土盘栽鉴定与苗期接种鉴定的结果一致。PCR扩增结果表明,27份番茄材料均能检测到一条750 bp的特异条带;TaqⅠ酶切结果显示,具有酶切位点的22份试材中有15份含纯合显性Mi-1/Mi-1基因、5份含杂合显性Mi-1/mi-1基因、2份含180 bp+250 bp+300 bp三条特异性片段,并且这22份试材对南方根结线虫表现高抗或抗,而其余5份不含显性Mi-1基因的试材则表现高感或感,证明Mi-1是具有抗南方根结线虫能力的基因,分子检测结果与病土盘栽鉴定和苗期接种鉴定的结果吻合率达92.6%;含有180 bp+250 bp+300 bp三条特异性片段的高抗材料可能含有其它抗根结线虫基因。分子检测与抗性鉴定相结合,能为创制抗南方根结线虫新种质提供一种更加省时、省力且经济有效的科学育种方法,可为番茄抗南方根结线虫育种提供理论依据和实践经验。     

果实袋对黄冠梨果皮Ca含量和花斑病发生的影响

黄冠梨果实套袋后果皮Ca素积累明显降低,不同的果实袋会影响到黄冠梨花斑病的发生,花斑病发病率与果皮Ca素营养水平呈显著负相关关系.