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Watermelon yield loss due to Fusarium wilt is increasing in the U.S., due in part to the emergence of the virulent race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and to the shift in production to triploid cultivars, which generally have less host resistance than previously grown diploid cultivars. One potential management strategy is the use of soil-applied fungicides to reduce Fusarium wilt. The U.S. national program, interregional project 4 (IR-4) supported multistate trials of soil-applied chemicals to manage Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Greenhouse trials were conducted in Maryland, Indiana and Georgia to test the efficacy of 14 chemicals on Fusarium wilt. Based on the performance of these chemicals in the greenhouse, six in Maryland and Delaware and eight in Indiana were selected for subsequent field evaluations. These chemicals were applied once, as a drench at planting, in field trials in Maryland, Indiana, and Delaware in 2008. The fungicides prothioconazole, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest reduction in Fusarium wilt, and caused no phytotoxicity. In Maryland and Indiana in 2009, these chemicals were applied through the drip irrigation line alone and in combination, at 0, 2 and 4 weeks after planting. The experiment was repeated in 2010 in Maryland. Prothioconazole alone and in combination with acibenzolar-S-methyl or/and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest decrease in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in Maryland in 2009. The same trend was observed in 2010 in Maryland where three of the prothioconazole treatments ranked the lowest of all treatments and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl had significantly lower Fusarium wilt AUDPC compared to the non-treated control. All chemical applications except for acibenzolar-S-methyl in combination with prothioconazole reduced Fusarium wilt AUDPC in Indiana in 2009. Prothioconazole alone and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl ranked lowest in Fusarium wilt AUDPC, although not significantly lower than most other treatments. These studies are the first to demonstrate that the soil-applied fungicides prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl may provide an additional field management option for Fusarium wilt of watermelon. 相似文献
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本文研究了厌氧消化物(沼液和沼渣)对西瓜生长和西瓜枯萎病的影响。用沼液浸种,浓度为0.5%~5%时均可提高发芽率,以2%沼液与8小时浸泡时间为最佳组合,大于5%时降低发芽率。用沼渣与土壤混合,比例为1:5,1:7,1:10时西瓜生长的各项指标均高于对照,以1:5为最佳;1:3时各项指标与对照相差不多;1:2时各项指标低于对照。沼渣与土壤混合后可抑制西瓜枯萎病,沼渣用量越大抑制作用越明显。当比例为1:7,1:5,1:3时,防效分别为18%,58%和86%。病害发生后用沼液灌根可阻止西瓜枯萎病发展,但没有治疗作用。 相似文献
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以西瓜品种豫艺甜宝为试材,研究了生物菌肥在西瓜上的施用效果。试验结果表明,生物菌肥施用可以提前西瓜的物候期、提高叶片的光合速率和促进植株生长,每1 hm2施有机无机复混肥1800 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg和三元复合肥750 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg 2个菌肥处理分别比常规施肥增产19.48%、36.53%。与常规施肥相比,生物菌肥还可有效增加西瓜含糖量,提升品质。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,每1 hm^2施有机无机复混肥1800 kg+有机菌肥2250 kg的施肥处理为最优施肥方案。 相似文献