驳枝和施氮对早花烤烟成熟期水溶性总糖和淀粉含量的影响

在大田条件下,研究驳枝和追施氮肥对早花烤烟成熟期叶片中水溶性总糖和淀粉含量的影响。结果表明：高施氮量抑制烟草叶片的水溶性总糖和淀粉积累,然而低氮促进了中部叶水溶性总糖和淀粉积累。     

施用钢渣对水稻土pH、水溶态硅动态及水稻产量的影响

测定了盆栽水稻生育期土壤淋滤液pH和水溶态硅浓度 ,探讨了其变化规律。结果表明 ,与对照相比施用钢渣提高了土壤 pH ,且这种影响随钢渣施用量的增加和粒度变细而加强。在水稻生育期内各处理土壤水溶态硅都经历了一个先上升达到高峰 ,然后逐渐下降 ,最终趋于稳定的过程 ;施用钢渣各处理土壤水溶态硅浓度在插秧后 3～ 4周内低于对照 ,以后则高于对照 ,这种情况随钢渣施用量的增加或粒度变细而更为显著。试验结果还表明 ,施用钢渣可以明显提高水稻产量。     

外源铅在红壤中的迁移和形态转化

[目的]为污染土壤的控制和修复治理提供科学依据。[方法]采用实验室土柱法,研究外源铅在红壤中的迁移和形态转化。[结果]在水分不饱和条件下,外源水溶性铅进入红壤90 d后并未向15～30 cm土层迁移,而是集中在0～15 cm层次;外源水溶性铅进入红壤(0～15 cm)30 d后水溶态迅速向其他形态转化,其形态分布主要以交换态为主,其次为铁锰氧化物态、残渣态、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态(未检出)。[结论]外源铅进入红壤90 d后绝大部分还未转化为相对稳定的形态,对土壤—植物系统的污染存在着潜在的危害。红壤(0～15 cm)对外源铅的吸附主要通过离子交换和络合(或螯合)作用。     

水溶性盾叶薯蓣皂苷及其药理活性研究进展

盾叶薯蓣甾体皂苷包含水溶性皂苷和脂溶性皂苷2大类,其中水溶性盾叶薯蓣皂苷是传统中医药临床药理的重要活性基础,但没有进行系统性地研究。该文对近年来水溶性盾叶薯蓣皂苷的化学成分、分离纯化及药理活性等方面的研究进行综述,为甾体皂苷类新药研发及皂素工业生产中对水溶性盾叶薯蓣皂苷回收利用提供理论参考。     

不同栽培年限大棚土壤盐分变化特性研究

[目的]为了探明杨凌大棚土壤次生盐渍化的演变特性。[方法]以露天菜地为对照,运用相关及方差分析方法,研究了杨凌地区不同种植年限的大棚土壤水溶性盐分的变化特性。[结果]大棚土壤中水溶性总盐含量与电导率(EC)比露地蔬菜土壤明显增高,且随栽培年限的延长总盐含量与EC值逐渐升高,水溶性总盐与EC值在0-10cm土层呈线性正相关,R2=0.9106。对不同棚龄土壤总盐含量进行方差分析可知,F=16.977>F0.01=5.06,3、5年大棚土壤含盐量与其他处理之间有显著差异,3年大棚土壤与其他处理有极显著差异。随着栽培年限的延长,土壤pH值呈逐渐下降的趋势,在0-40cm土层,大棚土壤pH值随土壤层次加深而增高。8大离子组成中阴离子以SO42-为主,阳离子以Ca2+为主,分别占总盐的24.42%和21.46%。大棚土壤盐渍化趋势随栽培年限的延长越来越明显。[结论]确定了杨凌地区土壤盐渍化的演变规律,为解决设施农业发展中存在的土壤障碍问题提供了理论支持。     

生物炭表面水溶活性分子可以有效提高水稻的耐旱性

生物炭是一种可以改良土壤、增强作物产量和提升作物品质的新型农林废弃物再利用材料。本研究通过振荡方式制备生物炭浸提液,利用水培系统培养水稻幼苗,以20%PEG6000、300 mmol/L和500 mmol/L甘露醇模拟干旱胁迫,研究生物炭表面水溶活性分子对水稻幼苗抗旱性的影响。研究结果发现:生物炭浸提液可有效缓解干旱胁迫造成的水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制,缓解叶绿素含量、鲜重及存活率的降低,同时可以降低体内的活性氧积累等。实时定量RT-PCR检测表明生物炭浸提液促进干旱胁迫响应标志基因的表达量。研究结果说明生物炭浸提液可以提高干旱胁迫下水稻幼苗的抗氧化能力,进一步提高水稻幼苗对干旱胁迫的耐受性。     

Three new water-soluble alkaloids from the leaves of Suregada glomerulata (Blume) Baill

Three new water-soluble alkaloids (1-3) together with twelve known compounds (4-15) have been isolated from the water extract of leaves of Suregada glomerulata. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical method. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and HIV-1 replication. However, no significant activities were found.     

Denitrification and fermentation in plant-residue-amended soil

Summary Nitrous oxide production (denitrification) during anaerobic incubation of ground-alfalfa-, red-clover-, wheat-straw-, and cornstover-amended soil was positively related to the initial water-soluble C content of the residue- amended soil. The water-soluble C concentration decreased in all treatments during the first 2 days, then increased in the alfalfa-, red-clover-, and wheat-straw-amended soil until the end of the experiment at 15 days. An accumulation of acetate, propionate, and butyrate was partly responsible for the increased water-soluble C concentration. Denitrification rates were much higher in the alfalfa-and red-clover-amended soil, but NO ₃ ^– was not fully recovered as N₂O in these treatments. Supported by earlier experiments in our laboratory, we conclude that some of the NO ₃ ^– was reduced to NH ₄ ⁺ through fermentative NO ₃ ^– reduction, otherwise known as dissimilatory NO ₃ ^– reduction to NH ₄ ⁺ . Acetate, the primary product of anaerobic fermentation, accumulated in the alfalfa- and red-clover-amended soil in the presence of NO ₃ ^– , supporting previous observations that the processes of denitrification and fermentation occur simultaneously in C-amended soil. The partitioning of NO ₃ ^– between denitrification and fermentative NO ₃ ^– reduction to NH ₄ ⁺ depends on the activity of the denitrifying and fermentative bacterial populations. NO₂ concentration may be a key in the partitioning of NO ₃ ^– between these two processes.     

RP-HPLC测定夏橙中Vc含量

建立了一种利用反相高效液相色谱测定橙橘中Vc含量的方法。采用Agilent1100高效液相色谱仪,Zorbaxeclipse XDB C18150.0 mm×4.6 mmi.d色谱柱,以0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液-甲醇(95∶5)作为流动相,流速1.00 ml/min,于265 nm波长检测。在一定浓度范围内,Vc的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数为0.999 8),相对标准偏差为0.22%;方法回收率为91.6%~104.1%。     

Leaching of dissolved organic carbon in soil following anhydrous ammonia application

The transport of anhydrous NH₃-solubilized soil organic matter from surface to subsurface soils may affect subsurface microbial activity. In the present study we determined the impact of anhydrous NH₃-N fertilizer on organic C solubilization and the propensity of solubilized C to leach with percolating water. In fertilized treatments, anhydrous NH₃ was subsurface-banded at 20g N m^-2 in ridge or valley areas of a ridge tillage system. In contol treatments, 0g N m^-2 was banded into the valley area of a ridge tillage system. Rainfall (17 cm) was applied with a drop-type artificial rainfall simulator 3, 10, and 24 days after the fertilizer application. The treatments were replicated twice. Grid lysimeters (15 by 15 cm) were placed 75 cm below the soil surface of a Brandt silty clay loam (fine-silty over sandy or sandy skeletal mixed Pachic Udic Haploboroll). Lysimeters were used to collect percolating water temporally and spatially. The application of N fertilizer increased dissolved organic C concentrations in percolating water when rainfall was applied 3 days after the fertilizer application. However, when the rainfall was applied 24 days after the fertilizer application the dissolved organic C concentrations in percolating water was not influenced by anhydrous NH₃ application. The smaller dissolved organic C concentrations in percolating water with a longer incubation time were most likely the result of microbial assimilation or respiration of solubilized C.