精量播种机V型凹槽拨轮式导种部件设计与试验

为提高导种投送均匀性与稳定性,满足精量播种作业要求,设计了一种Ⅴ型凹槽拨轮式导种部件,对其滑移导种曲线、Ⅴ型凹槽和柔性拨种轮进行优化分析。依据离散元法建立导种部件-玉米籽粒间作用模型,运用EDEM软件对导种投送环节进行虚拟仿真,分析籽粒在导种管内滑移状态。以勺式玉米排种器为排种载体,结合正交试验设计和虚拟仿真技术进行多因素正交旋转试验,以机具前进速度、排种器工作转速和导种曲线投种点切线倾角为试验因素,合格指数与变异系数为试验指标,采用多目标变量优化方法建立因素与指标间的数学模型,运用Design-Expert 6.0.10软件进行数据处理优化。仿真表明,当前进速度、工作转速和切线倾角分别为7.69 km/h、29.47 r/min和46.10°时,导种均匀性及稳定性最优,其合格指数为92.05%,变异系数为8.00%。在此基础上,利用室内台架开展了高速摄像测定试验、性能对比试验及振动适应试验。试验结果表明,多数籽粒在导种管内以平稳状态滑移,极少数出现不规则碰撞及翻滚;所设计的导种部件对不同类型玉米籽粒适应性良好,且其合格指数与无导种管基本相同,变异系数优于可伸缩塑料导种管、弧形导种管及无导种管,可适用于勺式、指夹式和气吸式玉米排种器;在振动幅度为1~3 mm、振动频率为1~4 Hz工况下,振动幅度及频率对导种部件作业均匀性影响较小。     

V型坡口对接平焊在实训教学中的应用

本文以典型的V型坡口对接平焊为例,详细介绍了V型坡口对接平焊焊接及检验等方法,重点分析了该项目在实训教学中的应用。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER OF FINNED TUBES IN REFRIGERANT HEAT EXCHANGER

In this paper,the comparative experimental research that air flows through theout-surface of a single row finned tubes is done in a drawing wind tunnel and the three differnetshapes of rectangluar finned tubes are compared with a plain finned tube that is usually used in therefrigerant heat exchanger, the useful results are obtained. The results show that,in the range ofwind velocity flowing through the marrowest area, W_(max)=2.5m/s to 8.5m/s,the average convec-tion heat transfer coefficient of the two-side V-groove finned tube is higher than that of rectangluarplain finned tube,It is a new type finned tube that has good heat transfer performance and it isworth poplarlzing.     

RESEARCH OF HIGH EFFICIENT ENERGY-SAVING AMMONIA AIR COOLER

This paper is a comprehensive report about the research of high efficient energy-saving ammonia air cooler. In the paper, it is introduced that the test of two-side long V-groove finned pipes which are fit for the evaporators of ammonia air coolers, optimum experiments of the finned pipes, and field experiments of contrasting the model machine with the old one in a cold storage. The result shows that the air-side heat transfer performance coefficient and the overall heat transfer performance coefficient of the two-side optimum long V-groove finned pipes are higher from 18.25% and 12.85% than those of conven tional rectangular plain-plate finned pipes respectively. At last, it is introduced the structure design of the high efficient energy-saving air cooler. Used by a few of units, it is proved that this type of air cooler has characteristics of compact structure, less floor area occupied, high heat transfer efficiency, convenient maintenance and management, and is of notable economical effect.     

导向充填式水稻精量穴播排种器孔-槽组合型孔设计与试验

针对水稻轻简型机械式排种器因稻种无序充填型孔,导致种群精量分离效果不佳,播量精确调节困难等问题,该研究基于稻种在齿盘疏导下的分布姿态规律,设计了一种具有导向充填效果的孔-槽组合型孔。构建了衡量型孔充种区域稻种分布姿态的评价方法,明确了该区域稻种姿态随时间的变化规律,分别确定了适宜于常规稻和杂交稻排种的大、小组合型孔的结构参数。以常规稻黄华占与杂交稻丰两优3948稻种为排种对象,以大、小进种孔宽度和振动频率为试验因素,依次开展了单因素、二因素全因子和品种适应性试验。单因素试验表明,当大进种孔宽度为6.8～7.6 mm、小进种孔宽度为4.6～5.2 mm时,排种器排种常规稻和杂交稻的合格率均大于85%;低频振动是影响排种器排种性能的主要振动工况。全因子试验表明,当大进种孔宽度为7 mm、小进种孔宽度为5 mm时,排种器的合格率基本不低于90%,并能适应不同的振动工况;品种适应性试验表明,在适宜的进种孔有效长度下,不同尺寸稻种的排种合格率不低于88.80%、漏播率不高于3.60%、破损率不高于0.16%。田间播种试验表明,大组合型孔播种黄华占时,各行合格率不低于89.33%、漏播率不高于1.60%、重播率不高于9.60%、穴径平均值44.64～54.83 mm、穴距平均值133.21～144.67 mm;小组合型孔播种丰两优3948时,合格率不低于85.73%、重播率不高于8.27%、漏播率不高于6.53%、空穴率不高于1.73%,穴径平均值39.88～45.59 mm、穴距平均值200.79～205.56 mm,均满足常规稻和杂交稻大田精量旱穴直播的种植要求。本文通过组合型孔不同大小进种孔的切换及进种孔有效长度的调整兼用于不同水稻品种不同穴播量的低损精量排种,为水稻可调播量排种器设计提供理论参考依据。     

城市高陡岩石边坡V型槽生态修复的施工技术探索

针对高陡岩石边坡的特点,系统地介绍了V型槽生态修复技术优势、原理及工艺流程。采用V型槽技术对高陡岩石边坡进行生态修复,可显著提高边坡的稳定性、生态绿化效果,是高陡岩石边坡生态修复技术的理想途径。