胡芦巴及其综合利用

胡芦巴作为传统中药,有温肾止痛等功效。民间把它作为香料使用。胡芦巴含有半乳甘露聚糖,是加工植物胶的原料。此外,还含有油脂、皂苷、生物碱、黄酮等多种成分,在石油开采、医药、食品、日用化工等行业有广泛用途。胡芦巴在我国各地均可栽培。提出了胡芦巴胶一油脂一薯蓣皂苷元的加工利用途径,并介绍了加工方法。     

灵香草浸膏系列产品的研究

以报春花科珍珠菜属植物灵香草为原料，采用不同的工艺，制取各类浸膏的研究结果。首先采用各种剂对灵香草进行浸提试验，并对得到的乙醇浸膏进行脱色浸膏、净油的研制；对得到的各类产品的物性数据进行研究测试，结果表明乙醇浸膏、脱色浸膏和净油具有许多优良特性，对它们的进一步研究开发有重大意义。     

Hypocholesterolemic effect of germinated fenugreek seeds in human subjects

The effect of consumption of germinated fenugreek seed powder at two different levels, i.e., 12.5 g and 18.0 g on the blood lipid profiles of twenty hypocholesterolemic adults of both sexes in the age range of 50–65 years was studied. The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e., Group I and Group II who were asked to incorporate the powder into any dish of their choice at the rates of one packet per day containing 12.5 g and 18.0 g of the germinated powder, respectively, for a period of one month. Fasting blood was drawn intravenously one day before and at the end of 30 days feeding trials. The findings revealed that germination had brought distinct changes in soluble fiber content of the seeds. Consumption of the seed at both the levels resulted in a hypocholesterolemic effect. Between the two levels, higher levels of consumption, i.e., 18.0 g of the germinated seed resulted in a significant reduction in total cholesterol and LDL levels. No significant changes were found in HDL, VLDL and triglyceride levels in all the subjects.     

Are ovine fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) staggers and kangaroo gait of lactating ewes two clinically and pathologically similar nervous disorders?

Fenugreek staggers has occurred in sheep in Victoria, as both an acute and a chronic syndrome. Signs included quadraparesis, a high stepping fore limb gait and a 'bunny-hopping' hind limb gait. Changes consistent with acute oedema were found in the brain and spinal cord of acute cases, and Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nerves of chronic cases. Kangaroo gait occurred in ewes in New South Wales, and the clinical signs and microscopic changes were remarkably similar to those of fenugreek staggers. Although the diet associated with each is different the causal agent may be the same.     

青海胡卢巴植物根瘤形态结构与发育研究

[目的]对青海胡卢巴植株根瘤的形态结构与发育情况进行研究。[方法]选取西宁、大通、乐都等农田栽培的豆科植物胡卢巴植株10～15株,进行生态学特征描述;在西宁市连续采集胡卢巴根瘤,对根瘤的生长发育进行观察记录。[结果]从青海省大通、乐都和西宁各城区所采集的豆科植物胡卢巴植株根瘤在表型上表现出较大的差异。随着植株的生长,根瘤的数量、大小都有所增长。植株根瘤的显微切片表明,所有根瘤都由4个部分组成,不同时期根瘤的各部分细胞层数不同,中心组织占根瘤总面积的百分比及侵染细胞占中心组织总细胞数的百分比在不同生长时期也有差异。[结论]该研究可为青海省胡卢巴等栽培作物的根瘤及根瘤菌资源保护和开发利用提供理论与实践依据。     

低温胁迫对胡芦巴幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响

[目的]从抗氧化能力的角度揭示胡芦巴幼苗抗寒机理。[方法]以胡芦巴幼苗为材料,研究0℃低温胁迫下胡芦巴幼苗叶和根中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、POD活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。[结果]随着低温处理时间的延长,胡芦巴幼苗SOD、POD活性呈现上升-下降-上升趋势,活性在6h处达到小高峰后下降,12h之后又开始上升,并于48h时达最大值;CAT活性呈现先升后降趋势,在12h时达到峰值。叶中抗氧化酶活性变化幅度及峰值均大于根。MDA含量呈现先升后降趋势,在处理24h时达到峰值,且叶中MDA含量小于根。[结论]三种抗氧化酶协同作用抵抗低温胁迫的伤害;叶对低温胁迫的响应反应比根强。     

Genetic improvement of fenugreek (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonella foenum-graecum</Emphasis> L.) through EMS induced mutation breeding for higher seed yield under western Canada prairie conditions

Most fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. suitable for western Canada exhibit an indeterminate growth habit and take about 120 days to produce a good proportion of high quality seed. Late maturity is a major inconvenience for seed producers in temperate climates prevalent in this region where plants must mature within a much shorter growing season. The objective of this study was to develop early maturing fenugreek mutants with a determinate growth habit to ensure uniform maturity within the 100 frost free days available on the Canadian prairies. Seeds from Tristar Fenugreek, a forage cultivar developed for production in western Canada, were treated with 10–300 mM ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) for 2–24 h and plants were selected for determinate growth habit, early maturity and high seed yield. This mutation breeding approach has detected new breeding material exhibiting early seed maturity coupled with high seed yield, seed quality and determinate growth habit. Successful development of useful mutants in fenugreek was reported before, but this is the first report on successful use of mutation breeding for improvement in quantitative traits in this crop.     

灵香草的研究进展

对灵香草的种植研究、化学成分分析、化学成分的提取方法和应用价值等方面的研究进展进行综述,为灵香草化学成分研究及更合理的利用和提供依据。     

不同地区胡卢巴种子和苗期特性的初步研究

以宁夏本地、国内其他省份及国外引进的38份胡卢巴(Trigonella foenum-graecumL.)种质资源(以下简称种源)为材料,调查种子形态特征、田间苗期基本形态特征及各阶段的生育时期.结果表明,不同种源胡卢巴种皮颜色主要为黄绿色或金黄色,种子形状为斜方形或卵圆形,种子最小的是58和59种源.各胡卢巴种源全生育期集中在94~95 d,但各阶段所持续的天数有所不同.各种源胡卢巴在苗高、子叶叶缘色、复叶叶色、小叶叶基部色、叶柄色、主茎色、主茎有无毛等性状上均表现不同特点.种源58,59植株细弱,呈匍匐状,小叶为阔卵圆形或倒心形,叶片薄而软;其他种源植株坚挺,直立型,小叶均为长卵圆形,质地较厚.     

利用ISSR标记解析紫花苜蓿·黄花苜蓿和胡卢巴属植物的亲缘关系

[目的]解析紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿和胡卢巴属植物的亲缘关系。[方法]利用ISSR分子标记技术,对紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿和胡卢巴种质资源之间的亲缘关系进行研究。[结果]紫花苜蓿、扁蓿豆和黄花苜蓿有较广遗传基础,胡卢巴种质材料相对于紫花苜蓿种质材料与黄花苜蓿的亲缘关系更近。苜蓿属和胡卢巴属亲缘关系研究有利于对一些存在争议的中间过渡类型进行分类,但在对中间过渡类型分类时应找一个合适的"度",以鉴定存在争议的中间过渡类型属于胡卢巴属还是苜蓿属。[结论]该研究结果为一些植物材料中间过渡类型的分类学研究提供了指导。