苦菜耐盐机理初探

在水培条件下,研究了不同浓度海盐溶液对苦菜体内游离脯氨酸、Na+含量以及地上部Na+/K+的影响。结果表明:游离脯氨酸是苦菜在盐胁迫下起主要作用的有机渗透调节物质;苦菜根中Na+含量高于叶中Na+含量;随盐浓度增加,苦菜地上部Na+/K+变大,因此,初步认为苦菜是一种拒盐植物。     

花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为探讨花叶滇苦菜与常见草本花卉协同生长过程中的化感作用机制,采用培养皿生物测定法,研究了花叶滇苦菜地上部(DS)和地下部(DX)不同浓度浸提液对二月兰、石竹、观赏油菜3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长的生理指标及相关酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,以期为花卉植物大规模应用及杂草生物防治提供理论依据。结果表明:花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长均呈低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的趋势,在5 g·L^-1时2种浸提液中促进效应最大的是二月兰,其次是石竹,均在100 g·L^-1浓度下抑制效应达最大。2种浸提液提高了3种花卉幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,二月兰、观赏油菜在50 g·L^-1时达到峰值,石竹在25 g·L^-1时达到峰值,100 g·L^-1时均高于对照组,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,丙二醛含量随浸提液浓度的升高而增加。石竹种子POD活性与种子发芽率呈极显著正相关;观赏油菜POD活性与茎长和根长呈显著正相关;二月兰根长与POD、CAT...     

Cutting weeds with a CO2 laser

Stems of Chenopodium album . and Sinapis arvensis . and leaves of Lolium perenne . were cut with a CO₂ laser or with a pair of scissors. Treatments were carried out on greenhouse-grown pot plants at three different growth stages and at two heights. Plant dry matter was measured 2 to 5 weeks after treatment. The relationship between dry weight and laser energy was analysed using a non-linear dose–response regression model. The regression parameters differed significantly between the weed species. At all growth stages and heights S. arvensis was more difficult to cut with a CO₂ laser than C. album . When stems were cut below the meristems, 0.9 and 2.3 J mm⁻¹ of CO₂ laser energy dose was sufficient to reduce by 90% the biomass of C. album and S. arvensis respectively. Regrowth appeared when dicotyledonous plant stems were cut above meristems, indicating that it is important to cut close to the soil surface to obtain a significant effect. When cutting L. perenne plants with 2-true leaves at a height of 2 cm from the soil surface with a laser, the biomass decreased significantly compared with plants cut by scissors, indicating a delay in regrowth. This delay was not observed for the dicotyledonous plants nor for the other growth stages of L. perenne .     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下苦菜抗氧化系统的影响

以苦菜为试验材料,研究了5 mmol/L水杨酸（SA）预处理后,苦菜幼苗分别在0.6%、0.8%、1.0%NaCl溶液胁迫下5、10、15、20、25 d时抗氧化系统的变化。研究结果表明,5 mmol/L SA处理提高了盐胁迫下苦菜幼苗细胞SOD、POD的活性,抑制了CAT的活性;在盐胁迫处理后10、15 d,苦菜细胞内脯氨酸和H2O2含量分别达到峰值,并显著高于清水对照,说明SA通过诱导H2O2含量增加,提高抗氧化酶活力,缓解盐胁迫伤害,提高苦菜耐盐性。     

Establishment and Identification of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus by Intergeneric Somatic Hybridization

Exploitation of novel cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)is a main approach for widening the cytoplasmic genetic background of hybrid oilseed rape and avoiding epidemic risk in oilseed rape production.In this study,symmetric somatic hybrids between Brassicanapus var.Zhongshuang4 and Sinapis arvensis(Yeyou18)were produced by protoplast fusion.Two of the six established hybrids were male sterile showing trace or no pollen release upon flowering with non-or slightly extended stamens.Using Zhongshuang4 as a recurrent parent to pollinate the male sterile plants,the ratio of male sterile plants increased with the number of backcrosses.As early as in BC3 generation,most of the sterile families had nearly 100%sterile plants.Up to BC4 generation,the male sterility became stable and no fertility segregation was observed.All F1 progenies from tested crosses using restorer and maintainer lines of Polima CMS were 100%sterile,indicating that the established CMS by somatic hybridization is different from Polima CMS.The origin of the cytoplasm and potential use of this hovel CMS in oilseed rape breeding were discussed.Key wotds:Oilseed rape,Protoplast fusion,Cytoplasmic male sterility,Sinapis arvensis     

温度对4种杂草种子萌发的影响

研究了20℃/15℃和25℃/20℃两种日波动温度对棒头草（Polypogon fugax Nees ex steud.）、大瓜草（Spergula arvensis L.）、红花月见草（Oenothera rosea L’Herit.ex Ait.）和紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorumSpreng.）种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的作用。结果表明,4种杂草种子萌发对两种波动温度的反应存在差异。前4 d高温有利于棒头草种子萌发,而3 d以后,种子在低温时的发芽率均高于高温处理。前3 d高温促进大瓜草种子的发芽势,而4 d后两种温度下种子的发芽率维持不变,且低温处理的发芽率比高温处理高10%左右。红花月见草和紫茎泽兰种子萌发对温度的反应很相似,即在种子萌发的早期高温和低温种子发芽率差异很大,随着发芽时间的进一步延长,两种温度处理的发芽率逐渐接近。     

In-vitro Fertilization of Ovules of Some Species of Brassicaceae*

The method of in-vitro fertilization of ovules can be successfully applied to various species of Brassincaceae. Mature embryos and plants were obtained after in-vitro pollinating the ovules of Arabis caucasica, Brassica napus, B. oleracea var. sabellica (kale), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Moricandia arvensis and Sisymbrium Loeselli. In the case of Sinapis alba fertilization and embryo development did not occur. The same method has been successfully used for obtaining hybrid immature embryos at different stages of development from crosses between B. napus X D. tenuifolia, B. napus X M. arvensis, B. oleracea var. italica X D. tenuifolia, D. tenuifolia x B. napus, D. tenuifolia. X M. arvensis and D. tenuifolia X S. Loeselli. The present findings show that in-vitro pollination of ovules of various species of Brassicaceae makes it possible to (a) perform the whole process of fertilization and embryogenesis; and (b) obtain intergeneric hybrid embryos.     

苦菜蔬菜纸加工工艺研究

以苦菜为原料,利用正交实验设计优化苦菜蔬菜纸最佳护色条件及胶黏剂复选配方。结果表明,苦菜蔬菜纸最佳护色条件为:碳酸钠用量为1 g.L-1,醋酸锌用量为0.1 g.L-1,烫漂时间为4 min。胶黏剂最优配方为:CMC-Na用量为0.4%,可溶性淀粉用量为3%,海藻酸钠用量为0.8%。干燥条件为:60℃下处理6 h。在此工艺条件下,生产的苦菜纸色泽鲜艳,易揭,具有较好的黏弹性。     

Ca~(2+)-CaM系统对野生苦菜耐盐抗氧化系统的调控

用两种从不同位点阻断Ca2+信号途径的抑制剂,即Ca2+螯合剂EGTA(乙二醇双四乙酸)(5 mmol/L)和CaM拮抗剂W7(N-氨乙基-5-氯-1-磺胺酰萘)(0.3 mmol/L),分别处理盐胁迫(0.5 mmol/L)下的野生苦菜幼苗,测定其抗氧化系统中酶的活性,H2O2、Pro和可溶性蛋白的含量。结果表明,EGTA(5 mmol/L)、W7(0.3 mmol/L)可降低超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,提高H2O2的含量,降低Pro和可溶性蛋白的含量,说明Ca2+-CaM系统与野生苦菜耐盐性密切相关。     

Moricandia arvensis 与甘蓝型油菜属间杂种的获得及其生物学特性研究

以C_3作物甘蓝型油菜作父本与野生C_3—C_4中间型植物Moricandia arvensis作有性杂交,经子房培养和胚性芽挽救,获得了4个属间杂种,经腋芽繁殖使杂种群体增至数百株。RFLP分析结果显示,杂种核DNA具有两个亲本的特征指纹,而其细胞质中仅含母本Moricandia arvensis的线粒体DNA指纹。杂种多具33条染色体,为双亲配子染色体数之和。虽然杂种植株在大多数形态特征上表现为双亲的中间类型,但在某些性状上明显趋向某一亲本。杂种植株的一般特征是半匍匐性,浅裂叶,开浅黄花。其以CO_2补偿点很高,为C_3类型。花粉母细胞减数分裂不正常,有多价体产生。杂种雌雄性皆不育。用秋水仙素将杂种加倍为双二倍体后,仍然雄性不育。对进一步向芸薹属作物基因组中导入C_3-C_4基因的技术途径进行了讨论。