内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量

为了给内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）测土施氮奠定科学基础，本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法”新应用公式，开展了该自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明：内蒙古高原生长第1年紫花苜蓿土壤碱解氮第1~6级丰缺指标为≥48，20~48，8~20，4~8，2~4和<2 mg·kg^-1，土壤全氮第1~5级丰缺指标为≥1.4，0.8~1.4，0.4~0.8，0.2~0.4和<0.2 g·kg^-1，土壤有机质第1~6级丰缺指标为≥17，10~17，6~10，3~6，2~3和<2 g·kg^-1。当紫花苜蓿目标产量9~18 t·hm^-2、氮肥利用率40%时，内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿第1~6级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0，68~135，135~270，203~405，270~540和338~675 kg·hm^-2。     

全豆豆浆与传统豆浆感官品质和营养成分对比

以大豆为原料,通过感官评定对胶体磨技术自制的全豆豆浆和一般机械磨加工的传统豆浆中的永和豆浆和普通豆浆的感官品质进行了比较,通过营养成分检测对全豆豆浆和永和豆浆的营养成分进行了比较,同时将检测的全豆豆浆营养成分与中国食物成分表中的普通豆浆的营养成分进行比较。结果表明:全豆豆浆口感浓厚,细腻爽滑,豆香味浓郁,无豆腥味,感官评价总得分高于传统豆浆中的永和豆浆和普通豆浆,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);全豆豆浆中蛋白质、脂肪、总膳食纤维、维生素B1、维生素B2、钙、磷脂及大豆异黄酮等营养成分含量均高于永和豆浆,更高于普通豆浆。全豆豆浆的普及不仅可以提高豆浆的营养价值,还可以减少资源的浪费,具有一定的社会和经济效益。     

云南怒江傈僳族自治州古树名木资源现状调查

对怒江傈僳族自治州人为活动区域古树名木资源现状进行调查。结果表明:共记录到古树名木496株,涉及36科54属76种,其中有8种国家重点保护野生植物,分别为澜沧黄杉、秃杉、南方红豆杉、云南榧树、千果榄仁、红椿、光叶珙桐和香果树;怒江州古树名木主要分布在乡村街道及远郊野外,占总数的98.8%,63.6%的古树生长在海拔1500~1999 m;古树名木的生长环境及长势总体较好,但保护力度相对薄弱,应采取相关措施加强保护和管理。     

Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland

The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km² grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km² grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits.     

DEGDA／HPA厌氧胶配方的优化试验

本文介绍了以一缩二乙二醇丙烯酸双酯(简称一缩双酯,DEGDA)和丙烯酸β-羟丙酯(简称羟丙酯,HPA)为单体,以N,N-二甲基苯胺/糖精为促进剂/助促进剂或仅用三氯乙酸作促进剂来配制厌氧胶粘剂(厌氧胶)的优化配方试验.所得厌氧胶综合性能良好,通过优化试验结果得知的规律性认识有一定意义.     

饥饿、季节及性别对大鲵肌肉、肝脏生化成分的影响

季节会影响到大鲵肌肉的脂肪及钙的含量,肝脏的脂肪、钙及游离氨基酸的含量,饥饿对肌肉的酸化成分不产生影响,但饥饿程度的增加,会对肝脏脂肪无氮浸出物及游离氨基酸产生影响;繁殖前雌性大鲵的肌肉肝脏的肪肪含量均高于雄性的。     

Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations

Soil pH declined from 5.9 to 5.0 in 8 years beneath plantations of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) in Hawaii. In stands of Albizia falcataria, (L.) Fosberg, the soil pH change was more dramatic, declining from 5.9 to 4.6. We measured several components of soil acidity beneath four mixtures of the two tree species to gain insight on the processes responsible for the decline in soil pH. These components were studied using an empirical method of comparing acid quantity, degree of neutralization (depletion of base cations), and acid strength. The decline in soil pH differed between species as a result of differences in the degree of neutralization of the soil exchange complex; the larger decrease in soil pH under Albizia was produced by greater acidification of the exchange complex. Empirical titration curves suggested that differences in acid strength moderated the divergence in soil pH beneath the species. Had the acids accumulating in the soil under Albizia been as strong as those in the Eucalyptus soil, the difference in soil pH would have been greater. Though the two species had contrasting effects on soil pH, the differences in degree of neutralization, responsible for the pH decline, were small compared with differences in the amount of cations stored in tree biomass. Continued supply of nutrient cations (from weathering or fertilization) will ultimately control both the extent of soil pH decline and the level of productivity sustained by the forest.     

混合土料单独命名的必要性探讨

混合土料是由粗细土颗粒组成的土。作者对混合土料、均匀粗粒土及纯细烂土的颗粒组成与工程性质进行了对比分析。结果表明，混合土料是介于均匀粗粒土和纯细粒土之间的土，它的工程性质有别于均匀粗粒土和纯细粒土，有必要对其单独命名，这为混合土的合理定位与专门研究提供了基础。     

Effects of 'Agri-SC' soil conditioner on soil structure and erodibility: some further observations

Abstract. In field and laboratory experiments the conditioner‘Agri-SC’has shown improvements in the structure of loamy sand soils in east Shropshire, UK. It resulted in statistically significant decreases in soil bulk density values and increases in soil porosity and aggregate stability. Further experiments are in progress on both loamy sand and silt loam soils.     

越桔对长白山区酸性土壤的适应性

在长白山区３种类型的酸性土壤上栽培越桔，研究结果表明，｀北空＇、｀美登＇、｀斯卫克＇在暗棕色森林土上生长结果较好，树体营养关系合理；在草甸沼泽土上３个种生长结果均较差，｀北空＇在水湿地潜育土上生长旺盛，但产量低，综合分析认为，矮丛越桔类型品种对我国长白山区酸性土壤条件的适应性较强，半高丛越桔则适应性差，针对长白山不同类型的土壤，以美登最为适宜暗棕色森林土栽培，斯卫克次之；水湿地潜育土可栽培美登品种